Communication

Process, language, levels, flow, networks and barriers

 • A common communication
environment
• Cooperation between the
sender and the receiver
• Selection of an appropriate
channel
• Correct encoding and
decoding of the message
• Receipt of the desired
response and feedback

The Process of
Communication
Channel

Noise

Environment

Response

Feedback
Essentials of Effective Communication
• A common Communication Environment
• Cooperation between the sender and the receiver
• Selection of an appropriate channel
• Correct encoding and decoding of the message
• Receipt of the desired response and feedback
 • The message received should be the same as
message received.
• If it doesn’t happen then there is the
presence of ‘noise’

Noise • ‘Any unplanned interference in the

communication environment, which causes
hindrance in the transmission of the
message’
• It distorts the interpretation or the decoding
part of the communication process
 NOISE

Channel Semantic
 “Try our cough
syrup. You will never
get any better.”
SEMANTIC
NOISE A woman without
her man is nothing
Semantic
Noise
Semantic
Noise
Miscommunication
 Characteristics:
• Artificial and arbitrary
• Restricted
Language a • Abstract
• Creative- netiquette, edutainment, bling, chillax,
tool of infomania
communication • Redundant
• Recursive
 • Extrapersonal
• Intrapersonal
• Interpersonal
• Organisational
Levels of 1. Internal-operational
2. External-operational
Communication
3. Personal
• Mass
1. Large reach
2. Impersonality
3. Presence of a gatekeepers
 • Downward
• Upward
• Lateral or Horizontal
The flow of • Diagonal or Cross-wise
Communication
communication
 • Chain Network
Formal • Y- network
Network • Wheel network
• Circle Network
Modals-
• All channel network
Communication
Networks Informal
Network • Single strand
• Gossip
Models- • Probability
Grapevin • Cluster Egs MBWA
e
Informal network
models
Barriers to Communication

organisationa
Intrapersonal Extrapersonal
l
Intrapersonal Barriers

Individuals are unique

Have their own idiosyncrasies
Difference in experience, education, value and personality
Same information is interpreted in different ways
 Wrong assumptions

Varied perceptions

Types of Differing background

intrapersonal
Wrong inferences
barriers:
Impervious categories

Categorical thinking
Wrong assumptions

• ‘SOS’- doctor assumes

people know

• Try to put yourself in the

shoes of the listener/
receiver
 Remember the parable of
‘Six blind men and an
elephant’?
Varied Partial perception
perceptions
Step back and take a wider
perspective
 Education, culture, language,
environment, age, etc.

Know the background of your

audience
Differing
background
Have empathy

Be cautious while using your

words
 Fact-inference confusion

Wrong
inferences
What actually exists and
what you have assumed
to exist
Impervious
categories
• Misoneists

• Rejection, distortion and

avoidance- undesirable and
negative reactions

• Egs- advances in technology ,

prejudices
 Pansophists- ‘know it
all’ attitude

Categorical
thinking Better to admit that
you are unaware of the
rest of the information
 Arise due to improper transaction of
words between people
1. Inefficiency in communication skills
• Limited vocabulary
• Incongruity of verbal and non
verbal messages
• Communication selectivity
Interpersonal barriers
• Poor listening skills
2. Negative aspect nurturing in the
climate
• Emotional outbursts
• Noise in the channel
• Cultural variations
Limited Vocabulary

• Pen falters
• Tongue fumbles
• Constant efforts ton
increase the vocabulary by
regular reading
 Body language

Incongruity Physical appearance

of verbal and
non-verbal Paralinguistics
messages
Proxemics
Communication selectivity
• Listen to parts

• Don’t get the holistic picture

Emotional outbursts
• Seasoned approach
• Moderate level of emotional involvement
• Emotional intelligence in workplace
Poor listening skills

Noise in the channel

 Too many transfer stations

Fear of Superiors
Organisational Negative tendencies
barriers
Use of Inappropriate
Media
Information Overload