Print the Library [Online]:

Is Google Playing Fair, or Just Out to Make a Buck?

INTRODUCTION
 When we click on a We may also see In all cases, we’ll
search result for a the Sample Pages see ‘Buy this
According to book from the Library View if the publisher Book’ links that
the Print Project, we’ll see the or author has given
Snippet View which, the permission or
lead directly to
Library online bookstores
shows us information the Full Book View if
Project : about the book plus the book is out of where we can buy
a few snippets copyright. the book.
What is the goal of this project?

to work
with
publishers
To make and
it easier libraries to
create a
for
comprehe
people to Goal
nsive,
find searchabl
relevant e, virtual
books card
catalogue
of all
books
The Dispute over “Project Library”

• Later some academic and commercial publishers

objected to the Library Project.
• After that Google took a brief break from scanning to
allow publishers time to identify works that they do not
want to be included in the digital database.
• This has been referred to an “opt out” plan.
• The general rule of copyright law requires a
prospective user to seek permission for use;
– Google has reversed the process by announcing its intention to
digitize entire collections of the contributing libraries unless a content
owner opts out by acting to withhold permission.
• The publishing industry disagrees with Google and two lawsuits were
immediately filed in federal court of New York by publishers.

• The complaint filed by publishing companies (the Publishers)

accuses defendant Google of massive copyright infringement.

• By digitizing copyrighted works without permission, Google is alleged

to violate the copyright holders’ exclusive rights to copy and/or
display protected work.

• Defendant Google essentially contends that its opt out program

negates any infringement liability.
• But, if infringement were found, Google argues that its activity is
protected by copyright’s fair use doctrine.
Who is harmed by Google’s Library Project ? Make a list of harmed
groups, and for each group, try to devise a solution that would
eliminate or lessen the harm ?
Groups harmed by the Library Project and why:
missing out on the royalty fee lesser number of people will buy books from book stores

instead they would prefer reading them online without paying a

they get for every purchase of there book single penny.

Autho Publis
r hers
What should be done ?

Google should acknowledge the rights and interests of copyright owners &
authors

provide efficient means for them to control how their intellectual property is
accessed online

and enable them to receive compensation for online access to their works.

The distribution of payments earned should take place through a newly

created independent, not-for-profit system that will also locate rights holders

collect and maintain accurate rights holder information

and provide a way for rights holders to request inclusion in or exclusion from
the project.
Q2: If you were a librarian, would you support Google's Print
Library program? Why or why not?

V /S
WHY ?
1) Number of copies of a particular book is limited.

2) It is a very cheap alternative.

3) The effort involved is less.

4) The accessibility to data is easy.

5) Free exchange of information.

6) Off the hand and on the go information.

WHY NOT ?
1) May lead to copyright infringement.

2) Free exchange of information is a similar model to a

public library.

3) The already existing libraries will become obsolete.

4) The users of libraries will reduce.

5) Would be a better alternative than the public library due

to its extensiveness and accessibility.
SUGGESTION
•The E-Books can be made available by asking for a
minimal charge, part of which can be given to the
Author/Publisher as royalty.

•The E-Books can be made available in educational

institutes and other libraries by charging the
students/readers with a token fee.
DO YOU BELIEVE GOOGLE’S CLAIM THAT SCANNING ENTIRE
BOOKS FITS WITHIN THE CONCEPT OF “FAIR USE”? WHY OR
WHY NOT?
“YES” IT FITS WITHIN THE CONCEPT
OF“FAIR USE
FOUR FACTORS OF FAIR USE

The purpose and The nature of the

character of your use copyrighted work
.

The amount and The effect of the

Substantiality of use upon the
the portion taken potential market
LIBRARY PROJECT

Googlewill
Users willbenot
able
display
to browse
any snippets
only a few for sentences
certain reference
of text
around the
books, suchsearch
as dictionaries,
term in books
where
still covered
the display
by copyright
of even
which GOOGLE
snippets could harmcallsthe
snippets
market for the work.

In response
Google will display
to ano more
querythan
thethree
usersnippets,
will only
thus receive
preventing theinformation.
bibliographic user from viewing too much of the book for
free.

Google’s Opt-Out Policy

 REFERENCE CASE

Kelly
Everything
vs. Arriba
the Ninth
soft Circuit stated with respect to
Hence
Arriba
Theit can
fits
lowerwithin
becourt the
applied
found concept
with
that
equal ofreproduction
Arriba’s
force “FAIR
to the USE”
Library
of theProject.
photographs was a fair use
COMPARING GOOGLE LIBRARY PROJECT AND
OPEN CONTENT ALLIANCE.
PROBLEMS FACED BY GOOGLE

• Two lawsuits were filed against Google.

• Some libraries having problems with Google.
– Eg Boston Public Library and libraries in the
north east.
• Copyright infringement
• Not contacting the publishers.
Open Content Alliance

On October 2005, 10 months after Google Books was

announced,
Yahoo! and the Internet Archive got together and with
support from Microsoft ,the University of California,
the University of Toronto, the National Archive in
England and other institutions announced the Open
Content Alliance, with the explicit goal of offering
resistance and an open alternative to Google
Books project.
ADVANTAGES OF THE TWO
• For Google-Coolness And Ease of Use
– Availability of All Books, not just old stuff.
– Downloading of Public Domain Books
– Embedding of Public Domain Books
– Allowing any site to search Google Books

• For OCA-Multiple media formats, collaboration with

other projects and searches available by multiple
sources
– Distribution by multiple providers
– Multiple formats
GOOGLE LIBRARY PROJECT
Opt out policy
When Google digitizes public-domain
books, it will disable printing and
downloading in the user's browser,
ruling out redistribution and offline
reading.
Commercial
Google will pay the costs of scanning
More useful for leisurely web-surfers
looking for suggestions on books to
purchase
Less open about its equipment and
sharing the resulting files as compared
to OCA
Content available only through the
Google Books service.
OPEN CONTENT ALLIANCE
Opt in policy
Will deliver full open access to its texts
whenever it has permission.
Non commercial
OCA expects the donating institutions
to bear these costs --at the
unprecedented low rate of 10
cents/page. 
More useful for researchers and
historians
More open to these
Content made available for free through
the Internet Archive and its partners
and is index able by any search engine
(Yahoo!, Microsoft's and even Google).
• The OCA is consciously surpassing Google
– in the openness of its content,
– or the generosity of its gift,
– but it's also consciously surpassing Google in the legal stability
of its business methods.

• Google Library has signed up five significant research

libraries. 
• The OCA started with two, now has a dozen, and has a
standing invitation for more. 
SIMILARITIES
• Firstly, both benefit from the financial backing and technological
expertise of large corporations.
– While Google Books is funded and administered by the search engine giant,
– Microsoft had initially joined the Open Content Alliance with an estimated $5
million promise to digitize approximately .

• The second similarity between the two initiatives is their archival

function.
– Through digitization, both projects contribute to creating durable digital copies
of materials,
– which can be used as backups of brittle and deteriorating items, and can be
invaluable in cases where fires, floods and other disasters damage or destroy
the hard-copies of books.

• Both the OCA and Google Library will give priority to public-domain
books, although both will also include books under copyright.
Why is Google pursuing the Library Project Program? What
is in it for Google? Make a list of benefits to Google?
Interests of Google
To make it easier for people to find relevant books

to work with publishers and libraries to create a comprehensive, searchable, virtual card catalogue

established giant

basic revenue model for Google is through advertising on its websites

Have deep pockets filled with cash for carrying out such a project

large storage servers and an advanced search algorithm

Benefits
By,
HARDIK TRIVEDI-127
AKSHAY KHANNA - 111
KARTHIKA NAIR -210
VAIBHAV CHAUDHARY-301
RISHABH PABUWAL - 309