Submitted By: Prof. Sonia. H. Bajaj CSE, GHRU.

Course: Embedded Systems & IOT SEM : VIIth

Session: Summer 2021
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 Plan of Presentation
 What is Embedded System?
 Relationship between ES & IOT
 What is Internet of Things?

 History

 How IoT Works?

 Few Applications of IoT

 Current Status & Future Prospect of IoT

 Technological Challenges of IoT

 Criticisms & Controversies of IoT

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 INTRODUCTION
What is a system?
A system is a way of working,
organizing or doing one or many tasks
according to a fixed plan, program or
set of rules.
A system is also an arrangement
in which all its units assemble and
work together according to the plan or
program.
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 SYSTEM EXAMPLES
WATCH
It is a time display SYSTEM
Parts: Hardware, Needles, Battery, Dial,
Chassis and Strap
Rules
6. All needles move clockwise only
7. A thin needle rotates every second
8. A long needle rotates every minute
9. A short needle rotates every hour
10. All needles return to the original
position after 12 hours
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 Introduction to Embedded Systems
Definition: An Embedded System is one that
has computer hardware with software
embeddedin
one of its important
it components.
as Its software embeds in
ROM (Read Only Memory).
It does not need
secondary memories as in
a computer

SOFTWARE PROGRAM
#include <16f876a.h>
#use delay (clock=20000000)
#byte PORTB=6

HARDWARE main()
{
set_tris_b(0);
portb=255; //decimal
delay_ms(1000);
portb=0x55; //hexadecimal
delay_ms(1000);
portb=0b10101010; //binary
Sonia.bajaj@ghru.edu.in delay_ms(500); 6
6-7-2021 }
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 COMPUTER HARDWARE
A Microprocessor

A Large Memory
(Primary and Secondary)
(RAM, ROM and caches)

Input Units
(Keyboard, Mouse, Scanner, etc.)

Output Units
(Monitor, printer, etc.)

Networking Units
(Ethernet Card, Drivers, etc.)

I/O Units
(Modem, Fax cum Modem, etc.)
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 COMPONENTS OF EMBEDDED SYSTEM

• It has Hardware
Processor, Timers, Interrupt controller, I/O Devices, Memories, Ports,
etc.

• It has main Application Software

Which may perform concurrently the series of tasks or multiple
tasks.

• It has Real Time Operating System (RTOS)

RTOS defines the way the system work. Which supervise the application
software. It sets the rules during the execution of the application
program. A small scale embedded system may not need an RTOS.

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 EMBEDDED SYSTEM HARDWARE

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EMBEDDED SYSTEM CONSTRAINTS
An embedded system is software designed to keep
in view three constraints:

– Available system memory

– Available processor speed

– The need to limit the power dissipation

When running the system continuously in cycles of wait for
events, run, stop and wakeup.

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 What makes embedded systems different?
• Real-time operation
• size
• cost
• time
• reliability
• safety
• energy
• security

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 CLASSIFICATIONS OF EMBEDDED SYSTEM

• Small Scale Embedded System

• Medium Scale Embedded System

• Sophisticated Embedded System

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Relationship between Embedded systems & IOT

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 What is IoT?
The Internet of Things (IoT) is the network of
physical objects or "things"embedded with
electronics, sensors, and
software,
connectivity, which enables
network
these objects to
collect and exchange data.

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 A “Thing” in the context of the Internet of
things (IoT), is an entity or physical object that has a
Unique
identifier, an embedded system and ability to
the transfer data over a network.
• Heart monitoring implants
• Biochip transponders on farm animals
• Automobiles with built-in sensors
• DNA analysis devices & Other Wearbles
etc. devices collect useful data with the help of
These
various existing technologies and then autonomously
flow the data between other devices.

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 .

History of IoT

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 How IoT Works?
The Internet of Things (IoT), also sometimes referred to as the Internet
of Everything (IoE), consists of all the web-enabled devices that
collect, send and act on data they acquire from their surrounding
environments using embedded sensors, processors and
communication hardware. These devices, often called "connected" or
"smart" devices, can sometimes talk to other related devices, a process
called machine-to-machine (M2M) communication, and act on the
information they get from one another. Humans can interact with the
gadgets to set them up, give them instructions or access the data, but
the devices do most of the work on their own without human
intervention. Their existence has been made possible by all the tiny
mobile components that are available these days, as well as the always-
online nature of our home and business networks.
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 How IoT Works?

RFID Sensor Smart Tech Nano Tech

To identify To collect To enhance To make the

and track and process the power of smaller and
the data the data to the network smaller
of things detect the by developing things have
changes in processing the ability to
the physical capabilities to connect
status of different part and
things of the interact.
network.

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Components of IOT

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 The Structure of IoT
The IoT can be viewed as a gigantic network
consisting of networks of devices and
connected throughcomputers
a series of intermediate technologies
where numerous technologies like RFIDs, wireless
connections may act as enablers of this connectivity.

 Tagging Things : Real-time item traceability and addressability

by RFIDs.
 Feeling Things : Sensors act as primary devices to collect data
from the environment.
 Shrinking Things : Miniaturization and Nanotechnology has
provoked the ability of smaller things to interact and connect
within the “things” or “smart devices.”
 Thinking Things : Embedded intelligence in devices through
sensors has formed the network connection to the Internet. It can
make the “things” realizing the intelligent control.
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Physical structure of IOT
How Internet works
 Logical structure of IOT
IOT Functional Blocks
IOT Communication Models
IOT Communication API’s

IOT Functional blocks are: Device, Communication,

Services, Management , Security, Application.
IOT Communication Models
IOT Communication API’s
 Applications of IoT

"The Ultimate Goal of IOT is to Automate Human Life."

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 Few Applications of IoT
 Building and Home automation
 Manufacturing
 Medical and Healthcare systems
 Media
 Environmental monitoring
 Infrastructure management
 Energy management
 Transportation
 Better quality of life for elderly
 ... ... ...
You name it, and you will have it in IoT!
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 Sensors in even the holy cow!

In the world of IoT, even the cows will be connected

and monitored. Sensors are implanted in the ears of cattle.
This allows farmers to monitor cows’ health and track their
movements, ensuring a healthier, more plentiful supply of
milk. On average, each cow generates about 200 MB of
information per year. 19
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IoT helps you in LIFE LOGGING 22
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Current Status & Future Prospect of IoT

“Change is the only thing permanent in this world”

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THANK
YOU

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