Educational Planning: Administrator’s Roles

Demographic Aspect of Educational Planning

Imel A. Talag
Marife R. De Torres
• First, they may be concerned with the
distribution by age and sex.

• Second, They may be concerned with the

distribution of the population by sector
of economic activity and, within each of
these sectors, by occupation.

• Third, planners may be concerned with

the geographical distribution of the
population, which affects both the cost of
education and the choice of types, sizes
and locations of schools.
 Imel A. Talag
Educational Management

Educational Planning: Administrator’s Roles Demographic Aspect of Educational Planning

 Focus of this topic
Population Structure

Age structure of the population and educational development

Distribution of the population by sector of economic activity

Distribution of the active population by occupation

Educational Planning: Administrator’s Roles Demographic Aspect of Educational Planning

 Demography
• Demography is the statistical study of
human populations. Demographers use
census data, surveys, and statistical
models to analyze the size, movement,
and structure of populations.

• It focuses its attention on three readily

observable human phenomena:
• Change in population size

• The composition of the population

Age, sex, marital status, occupation, and occupation

• The distribution of population

Local, regional, national, global

Educational Planning: Administrator’s Roles Demographic Aspect of Educational Planning

 Sources of demographic data
• Census
• Vital Registration
 Births
 Deaths
 Marriages
 Migration-movement of people

Educational Planning: Administrator’s Roles Demographic Aspect of Educational Planning

Educational Planning: Administrator’s Roles Demographic Aspect of Educational Planning
Educational Planning: Administrator’s Roles Demographic Aspect of Educational Planning
 https://psa.gov.ph/content/

https://psa.gov.ph/content/2020-
census-population-and-housing-2020-
cph-population-counts-declared-
official-president

Educational Planning: Administrator’s Roles Demographic Aspect of Educational Planning

Educational Planning: Administrator’s Roles Demographic Aspect of Educational Planning
Population Structure:
• It is the number of males and
females in different age groups.

• The common method to show the

structure is by a population pyramid.

• This diagram is made up by putting

two bar graphs (one for male, one for
female) side by side.

• From this you can read the number

and percentage of a population of a
certain gender and age range.

Educational Planning: Administrator’s Roles Demographic Aspect of Educational Planning

Key things to know about the population
pyramid:
• Population is divided into 5 year age
groups

• Horizontal line represents the

percentage of male & female group

• The age groups are divided into 3

groups:
• young dependent (0-14 years old)
• Working population (15-64 years old)
• Elderly dependent (65 +years old)

Educational Planning: Administrator’s Roles Demographic Aspect of Educational Planning

 What does the shape of the population
pyramids tell us?
• Information of birth and death rates

• Information of life expectancy

• People living in a particular country or

place

• It provides a sort of summary of

demographic history of the nation

• To identify the past events which may

have affected the population of a
country.

Educational Planning: Administrator’s Roles Demographic Aspect of Educational Planning

 Population structure and
educational planning

Educational Planning: Administrator’s Roles Demographic Aspect of Educational Planning

 Retirement
Age structure of the population and age of
School age teacher
educational development population
• Age structure and teacher requirements
as well as the cost of teaching staff
Age distribution analysis may of course be
used in areas other than that of the school-age
population. For example, it may be applied to
the teaching force. As retirement is the major
cause of the loss of teaching staff, accurate
information on the age structure of the
teaching force allows us to prepare for these
losses.

Educational Planning: Administrator’s Roles Demographic Aspect of Educational Planning

Age structure of the population and Senior
educational development teacher
population
• Age structure and teacher requirements
as well as the cost of teaching staff
Another possible application of the age
pyramid to the teaching force is concerned with
salaries. Since teachers’ salaries are geared to
levels of seniority, the structure of the teaching
force by year of seniority enables us to forecast
the financial effects of the shifts in pay grade
Young
that come with increasing seniority. It is obvious teacher
that the average salary, and consequently the population
unit costs are higher when the bulk of the
teaching force is made up of comparatively old
persons than when the majority of teachers are
relatively young.

Educational Planning: Administrator’s Roles Demographic Aspect of Educational Planning

Distribution of population by sector of
economic activity

• Primary Sector

• Secondary Sector

• Tertiary Sector

Educational Planning: Administrator’s Roles Demographic Aspect of Educational Planning

Distribution of the population by sector of
economic activity

Primary sector
Covering activities in which production
is based on natural resources such as
(agriculture, mining, fishing, forestry etc.)

Educational Planning: Administrator’s Roles Demographic Aspect of Educational Planning

Distribution of the population by sector of
economic activity

Secondary sector
Consists of manufacturing and
processing industries.

Educational Planning: Administrator’s Roles Demographic Aspect of Educational Planning

 Distribution of the population by sector of
economic activity
Tertiary Sector
It involves activities that do not produce
material products, but which instead
provide services such as:
• Transport
• Healthcare
• Education
• Tourism
• Financial services
• Communication
• Trade

Educational Planning: Administrator’s Roles Demographic Aspect of Educational Planning

Distribution of population by sector of
economic activity

Educational Planning: Administrator’s Roles Demographic Aspect of Educational Planning

 14.3%

24.5%

42.6%

Educational Planning: Administrator’s Roles Demographic Aspect of Educational Planning

Distribution of the active population by occupation
In addition to the distribution of the population by sector of activity, educational planners
also need to know the distribution by occupation in order to forecast manpower requirements
accurately.

Mechanic working
in primary sector
(agriculture)

Educational Planning: Administrator’s Roles Demographic Aspect of Educational Planning

Distribution of the active population by
occupation
To make international comparisons easier,
the (ILO) International Labor Organization
prepared an International Standard
Classification of occupations.

Educational Planning: Administrator’s Roles Demographic Aspect of Educational Planning

Educational Planning: Administrator’s Roles Demographic Aspect of Educational Planning
Distribution of the active population by
occupation
If the expected increase in production
in each sector of activity is known, the
manpower requirements for the various
occupations or types of employment can
be estimated on the basis of cross
classifications.

A difficult problem remains, however, in

linking jobs to qualifications; that is,
matching the occupation to the type of
training received.

Educational Planning: Administrator’s Roles Demographic Aspect of Educational Planning

 Marife R. De Torres
Educational Management

Educational Planning: Administrator’s Roles Demographic Aspect of Educational Planning

 Focus of this topic

Geographical distribution

Measuring the geographical distribution of a population

Planning the location of schools

Educational Planning: Administrator’s Roles Demographic Aspect of Educational Planning

Geographical distribution
Also of significance in terms of
geographical distribution is the division
between rural and urban areas.

Highly urbanized areas in Batangas are:

• Lipa City
• Batangas City
• Sto Tomas
• Tanauan City

Educational Planning: Administrator’s Roles Demographic Aspect of Educational Planning

Some rural areas in Batangas are:

• Sta Teresita
• Taysan
• Tingloy
• Tuy

Educational Planning: Administrator’s Roles Demographic Aspect of Educational Planning

Measuring the geographical distribution
of a population
One of the method of assessing the
geographical distribution of a population
is to conduct a study of the population
density of different areas.

Educational Planning: Administrator’s Roles Demographic Aspect of Educational Planning

Population density
• Is a measurement of population per unit
area, or exceptionally unit volume

• In simple terms, population density

refers to the number of people living in
an area per square kilometer.

Educational Planning: Administrator’s Roles Demographic Aspect of Educational Planning

 San Pascual Bauan
1300/Square Km. 1700/Square Km.
Batangas City
1200/Square Km.

Educational Planning: Administrator’s Roles Demographic Aspect of Educational Planning

Planning the location of school

Where to put
the school

Educational Planning: Administrator’s Roles Demographic Aspect of Educational Planning

Planning the location of school

Two considerations that must be taken into

account when locating schools:
 The size of the local population
 The catchment areas of the
school

Educational Planning: Administrator’s Roles Demographic Aspect of Educational Planning

Planning the location of school
For the size of local school population,
there must be minimum number of
pupils living in an area to justify the
building or installation of school

Educational Planning: Administrator’s Roles Demographic Aspect of Educational Planning

Planning the location of school
Catchment areas of the school
 The area served should not be too large
 The location should not be far from their homes
 The acceptable limits of that area should be depend
on the ages of the children
 The means of transportation should always be
available
 The nature of the terrain and the severity of the
climate should also be considered

Educational Planning: Administrator’s Roles Demographic Aspect of Educational Planning

 References:

https://www.nationalgeographic.org/encyclopedia/demography/

https://psa.gov.ph/content/2020-census-population-and-housing-2020-cph-population-c
ounts-declared-official-president

http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.530.9239&rep=rep1&type=p
df

https://www.ilo.org/wcmsp5/groups/public/---dgreports/---dcomm/---publ/documents/
publication/wcms_172572.pdf

Châu, T.N. 1972. Population growth and cost of education in developing countries. Paris:
UNESCO/IIEP.

Hallak, J. 1977. Planning the location of schools: an instrument of educational policy.

Paris: UNESCO/IIEP.
Educational Planning: Administrator’s Roles Demographic Aspect of Educational Planning