1.

1. Two types of system -

•Reservoir
•Matrix
2. Factors affecting the selection
of synthesis process -
•Particle size
•Type of solvent used
•Type of polymer used
•Area of application etc.
Source : Sustainable Delivery Systems Through Green Nanotechnology
Kiruba Krishnaswamy, Valérie Orsat
McGill University, Sainte-Anne-de-Bellevue, QC, Canada
Abbreviations :
AcDex—acetalated dextran;
F108—poly(ethylene oxide)-block-poly(propylene oxide)-
block-poly(ethylene oxide);
PCL—poly(ε-caprolactone);
PEG—poly(ethylene glycol); PLA—poly(lactic acid); Source : Zielińska, A. et al.,Polymeric Nanoparticles: Production, Characterization,
Toxicology and Ecotoxicology. Molecules (Basel, Switzerland), 25(16), 3731.
PLGA—poly(lactide-co-glycolide). https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules25163731
1.Solvent
Solvent Evaporation
3.Reverse salting out

2.Solvent diffusion
4. Nanoprecipitation
 Solvent Evaporation

Example : Fenofibrate NP preparation using PLGA for treatment of diabetic retinopathy

Organic phase : PLGA + Fenofibrate+ Dichloromethane

Aqueous phase : 1% PVA solution

Mixed by sonication

Solvent evaporation by magnetic stirring at 700 rpm for 3 hours followed by vacuum evaporation for 30 min

Filtration of NP by syringe filter followed by washing step (size of NP 250 - 300 nm)
 Solvent diffusion

Example : Hyperforin loaded AcDex NP as an anti inflammatory drug

Organic phase : AcDex + Hyperforin + Ethyl Acetate (partial hydro miscible solvent)
Aqueous phase : 3% PVA

Emulsification by sonication

Excess distilled water added (18mL) for solvent diffusion

Evaporation by magnetic stirring

Centrifugation and washing (size of NP - 150 - 200 nm)

 Reverse Salting Out

Example : PLGA NP containing Coumarin - 6

Organic phase : PLGA + Acetone + Coumarin 6
Aqueous phase (gel) : PVA + Magnesium acetate tetrahydrate (salting out agent)

Aqueous gel added to organic phase under vigorous stirring at 400 C

Addition of excess distilled water for solvent diffusion

Decantation and vacuum filtration (400 - 1100 nm)

 Nanoprecipitation

Marangoni
Effect

Example : Amphotericin loaded NP using PCL for treatment of Leishmaniasis

Organic phase : PCL + Amphotericin in DMSO
Aqueous phase : 2% Poloxamer solution

Organic phase is added to the aqueous phase at a controlled rate using a syringe

The solution is left overnight

Centrifugation and washing (size of NP - 170 nm)