Chapter 2 – Types of

Fallacies
 Sige. busog pa ako.
Kumain ka na ba? (It’s okay. I’m still full)
(Did you already eat?)
Pre, ‘san ka na? Late na
tayo! Chill!
(We’re already late! Where are Five minutes, pre.
you?)
JUAAAAAN! WHAT YOU
DONE!
Si…si Pedro po ang may
pakana!
(It’s Pedro’s fault!)
What is fallacy?
 Fallacy
• It is the use of invalid or
faulty reasoning.
• It can be deceptive
depending on its
deliverance.
 Example #1
Ms. Jefferson is huge.
An elephant is huge.
Therefore, Ms. Jefferson is
an elephant.
 Example #2
My first ex dumped me.
My second ex did the same.
Therefore, the third will do
the same.
 Example #3

She lied to me once.

Therefore, she is a liar.
 Types of Fallacy
1. Dicto Simpliciter
- It is an argument based
on an unqualified
generalization.
 Types of Fallacy
Example:

Vegetables are good.

Therefore, everybody
must eat vegetable!
 Types of Fallacy
2. Hasty Generalization
- A generalization that is
reached to hastily. No
supporting evidences for
the conclusion.
 Types of Fallacy
Example:
You are Kapampangan.
I am Kapampangan.
Therefore, everyone here in
Pampanga is a Kapampangan.
 Types of Fallacy
3. Contradictory Premises
-a fallacy that has two
statements that
contradicts each other.
 Types of Fallacy
Example:
Globe Supersurf50 – Unlimited internet
surfing for 1day!
(after two hours of YouTube)
Hi! We noticed that your data usage
today has been high. We’re now
reducing your browsing speed.
 Types of Fallacy
4. Ad Misericordiam
-Appealing for sympathy.
Prove to me that you
are worthy to pass the
If I did not pass the
subject.
subject, my mother
will kick me out of the
house!
 Types of Fallacy
5. False Analogy
-a fallacy that happens
when there is an
unqualified analogy
between two statements.
 Types of Fallacy
Examples:
Teachers are allowed to color
their hair.
Therefore, students are also
allowed to color their hair.
 Types of Fallacy
6. Hypothesis Contrary to Facts
- a conclusion based on a
false hypothesis
 Types of Fallacy
Examples:
If the apple did not
drop on Newton’s
head, we would not
have the concept of
gravity.
 Types of Fallacy
7. Post Hoc
- Reasoning based on
unconnected occurances
 Types of Fallacy
Example:

Do not pick Grace! I always

get low grade whenever she’s
with my group!
 Types of Fallacy
8. Poisoning the Well
- Stating something against
others before hearing their
side.
 Types of Fallacy
Example:
Do not listen to that guy! He’s
an ex-convict! He won’t do
you anything good!