Cyclone and Tsunami

Risk Mitigation Measures

in India

Presented by

Shri H. S. Brahma
Additional Secretary
National Disaster Management Authority
Government of India
 MAJOR DISASTERS Earthquake
Earthquake,
Oct, 2005 (1980-2005) Uttarkashi,
20 Oct 1991,
Chamoli, 23
April 1999
Avalanche
Feb 2005
Flood, Assam
& Bihar 2004
Bhuj,
Earthquake,
26 January, Bhopal Gas
2001 Tragedy,
Dec 1982

Earthquake, S Cyclone
Latur, 30 29 Oct
Sept 1993 1999

Tsunami
Floods, 26 Dec 2004
Mumbai,
26 July
2005
Tsunami
Tsunami 26 Dec
26 Dec 2004
2004
 Recent Disasters in India (1990-2005)
YEAR PLACES & DISASTER LOSS OF LIVES LOSS OF PROPERTY
(APPROX) ( Rs Crore) APPROX)

1991 Uttarkashi Earthquake 2000 2000

1993 Latur Earthquake 9500 6000

1997 Jabalpur Earthquake 200 5000

1999 Chamoli Earthquake 2000 2000

1999 Orissa Super Cyclone 9887 10000

2001 Bhuj Earthquake 14000 13400

2004 SE India Tsunami 15000 10000

2004 Assam & Bihar Floods 700 5000

2005 J&K Avalanche 350 100

2005 Mah, Guj, HP, Floods 1569 10300

Karnataka, T’Nadu

2005 J&K Earthquakes 1336 1000

Total Losses of Major Disasters only 56542 64800

India is vulnerable to a large number of
disasters

• Approx. 60% of the landmass is prone to Earthquakes

• Approx.12% (About 40 million hectares of land) is prone to

flood and river erosion.

• Approx. 68% of the cultivable area is vulnerable to

drought//landslides/avalanches

• About 5770 km of coastline out of a total 7516 km is prone

to Cyclone and Tsunami
 Vulnerability is increasing with

• Rising population
• Haphazard Urbanization
• Developments in High-Risk zones
• Environmental Degradation
• Climate Change etc.
Tsunami Damage
Tsunami Damage
DISASTER MANAGEMENT CONTINUUM

Disaster
Strikes
 Disaster Management Cycle
Organisations Involved
 Prevention Research Institutions (Sponsored Research)
Ministry of Earth Science (IMD, DOD, DST)
Ministry of Water Resources
Ministry of Agriculture

 Mitigation Central Govt. (NDMA. MHA, MUD, MoEF and

other related ministries and departments)
State Govt. (Various Departments)
District/Local Administration and NGO’s

 Preparedness Central Govt. (NDMA. MHA, MUD, MoEF)

State Govt.
District/Local Administration and NGO’s
Disaster Management Cycle Cont.
Organisations Involved
 Response Central Govt. (NDMA. MHA)
State Govt.
District/Local Administration and NGO’s

 Relief Central Govt. (NDMA. MHA)

State Govt.
District/Local Administration and NGO’s
 Rehabilitation Central Govt. (Integrated efforts of
various ministries and departments)
State Govt.
District/Local Administration and NGO’s
 Reconstruction Central Govt. (Integrated efforts of
various ministries and departments)
State Govt.
District/Local Administration and NGO’s
 Long term Recovery Central, State, Local Govt. and NGO’s
Disasters offer a unique opportunity to
learn where we have gone wrong….

Preparedness and Mitigation of Disasters is the

most important part of Disaster Management
while strengthening our response capabilities
 Disaster Mitigation
Natural Hazards cannot be prevented, however with mitigation
measures the effects/damages could be reduced

India’s three pronged approach -

 Mitigation measures integrated with the ongoing developmental

projects

 National-level mitigation projects in high priority areas

(Initiated by NDMA with the help of all concerned ministries,
departments and states)

 State-level mitigation projects

(Assistance in guidelines, plans and implementation by NDMA)
 Mitigation Measures
• Integrated multi-hazard approach
(emphasis on cyclone and tsunami risk in coastal areas)

• Early warning system for cyclones and tsunamis

• Evacuation plans
(with emphasis on self reliance for sustenance with the coastal community)

• Capacity building
• Training of all concerned
• Public awareness programmes
• Hazard Mapping and Vulnerability Analysis
• Risk Identification, zoning and mapping
Mitigation Measures Cont.
Structural Mitigation Measures

 Seawalls and Coral reefs

 Tsunami breakwaters
(to provide cushion against Tsunami and
Cyclone)
 Increasing the river dike height
 Tsunami and Cyclone Shelters (safe places to flee)
 Evacuation routes identification
 Mitigation Measures Cont.
Structural Mitigation Measures
 Permanent structures strictly according to BIS codes
 Retrofitting of vulnerable structures for tsunami/cyclone resistance
 Retrofitting of important buildings
I. Fire stations / police stations/ army structures/ hospitals
II. VIP residences / offices/ railways, airport, etc.
III. Schools/colleges
IV. Hazardous industries
V. Other critical structures (i.e. power stations, warehouses, oil and other
storage tanks etc)
 Mitigation Measures Cont.
Non-Structural Mitigation Measures

 Education
 Public Awareness
 Information
 Risk Communication
 Training to all concerned
(Govt. officials, search and rescue workers, volunteers, women, children,
elderly, local community as a whole)
 Mitigation Measures Cont.
Non-Structural Mitigation Measures
 Coastal regulations Zone Act – Strict implementation
(no development within 500 m of the high tide line with elevation of less than 10 m
above m.s.l)

 Land use Zoning in accordance with CRZ

 Natural Bioshields (Mangroves) and shelterbelt plantations
(Casuarina)
 Maintaining Natural Sand dunes
 Maintaining and promoting beach development
 Mitigation Measures Cont.
Non-Structural Mitigation Measures

 Risk transfer in highly vulnerable areas (Insurance)

 Network of local knowledge centers along the coast lines
( Training and Emergency communication)
 Reducing Vulnerability
 Diverse Livelihood options
 Micro Finance
 Empowerment
 Gender sensitive development
 ERS – RADAR
IMAGE

TSUNAMI INUNDATION IN
NAGAPATTINAM COAST
RIVERS / CREEKS AS CARRIERS OF TSUNAMI WAVES

PATHS TO BE KEPT FREE

& BANKS TO HAVE STONE

EMBANKMENTS
 Radial Drains ---
PALAEO Aforestation ----
/PRESENT Promotion of Bird Sanctuaries
BACKWATERS &
TIDAL FLATS------
ACCOMODATORS

NAGAPATTINAM
BEACH AS ABSORBERS - MARINA BEACH, CHENNAI
Reconstruction in Andaman

Stilt Type

Non-Stilt Type
 Reconstruction in Andaman

Source: www.and.nic.in
Online Monitoring System of Construction of Permanent shelters for Tsunami victims
Reconstruction in Cuddlore
Thank You