Protestant Reformation

4 CAUSES 4 FIGURES
a b

4 DETAILS c d
4 EFFECTS
 Protestant Reformation
Using a blank piece of paper, make four boxes, each with four boxes inside of them.
Label the boxes like this, follow along, and list 4 causes, 4 figures, 4 events & 4 effects.

4 CAUSES 1 2 4 FIGURES 1 2

3 4 3 4

4 DETAILS 1 2
4 EFFECTS 1 2

3 4 3 4
 Protestant Reformation
a 1) Purgatory Preoccupation
4 CAUSES

An afterlife belief where a soul would

pay for sins and be purified before
entering heaven existed in the Catholic
Church since the 1100s. The biggest
objections to the belief in purgatory was
the simple fact that it was not mentioned
in the Bible. It also seemed to change
the gospel as it is presented in the Bible,
suggesting that people pay for their sins
instead of Jesus paying for all sins.
 Protestant Reformation
a 2) Obsession over relics
4 CAUSES

Some churches claimed to have relics like

the bones of disciples. Other churches boasted
nails or wood from the actual cross that Jesus
died on. One of the most famous relics is
known as the Shroud of Turin, believed to be
the linen cloth that wrapped the face of Jesus
after his crucifixion. Again, there was little
scriptural (Biblical) support to suggest that
there was any special spiritual significance to
these relics. But the Catholic church
capitalized on the public fascination with relics.
 Protestant Reformation
a 3) Selling of Indulgences
4 CAUSES
In order to generate
revenue, Catholic
representatives sold
certificates called
indulgences to Europeans.
These notes promised
escape from purgatory,
tickets to heaven,
forgiveness of sins, or
getting dead relatives into
heaven. Again, there was
no scriptural support for
such practices.
 Protestant Reformation
a 4) Invention of the Printing Press
4 CAUSES

The printing press was

invented in the mid 1400s in
Germany by Johann Gutenberg.
Because of this invention, Martin
Luther and other protestant
leaders would be able to
distribute their ideas quickly to
the masses (e.g. the 95 Theses).
 Protestant Reformation
b 1) Ferdinand and Isabella
4 FIGURES

King Ferdinand and Queen

Isabella were not only the
Spanish monarchs who funded
Columbus voyage across the
Atlantic, but they were known
for implementing the torturous
investigations of non-Catholics
in Spain called the inquisition.
 Protestant Reformation
b 2) John Calvin
4 FIGURES

John Calvin was a protestant

writer and leader from France.
Martin Luther once said, “I am the
pastor, but Calvin is the
theologian”. He meant that Calvin
was known for his intellect and his
writings about the Bible.

(theologian: one who studies God)

 Protestant Reformation
b 3) Pope Leo X
4 FIGURES

Pope Leo X was the leader of

the Catholic Church who clashed
greatly with Martin Luther. He
increase the selling of
indulgences and issued papal
bulls to halt the spread of Luther’s
ideas in Germany.
 Protestant Reformation
b 4) Martin Luther
4 FIGURES

Martin Luther is the

undisputed leader of the
Protestant Reformation. He
started as a monk in the Catholic
Church. When he sought to
reform the church from the
inside, he met resistance and
ended up leaving to establish
new Christian denominations.
 Protestant Reformation
c 1) 95 Theses Written
4 DETAILS
One significant event of
the Protestant
Reformation was the
moment that Luther nailed
a copy of his iconic 95
Theses to the door of the
local Catholic Church.
The 95 Theses contained
95 issues or problems that
Luther found in the
Catholic Church (e.g.
relics, purgatory,
indulgences, and not
focusing on Jesus).
 Protestant Reformation
c 1) 95 Theses Written
4 DETAILS
One significant event of
the Protestant
Reformation was the
moment that Luther nailed
a copy of his iconic 95
Theses to the door of the
local Catholic Church.
The 95 Theses contained
95 issues or problems that
Luther found in the
Catholic Church (e.g.
relics, purgatory,
https:// indulgences, and not
www.youtube.com/watch
?v=WZTKKjxvBhE focusing on Jesus).
 Protestant Reformation
c 2) Spanish Inquisition
4 DETAILS
The Inquisition, sometimes
called the Spanish Inquisition
since it largely occurred in Spain,
refers to the ongoing
investigations and torture of non-
Catholics overseen by the
Catholic Church. When an
individual was found to be guilty
of a crime against the church,
they were often expelled from
their country or killed. Spanish
royalty Ferdinand and Isabella
were famous for their role in the
https://
Inquisition.
www.youtube.com/watch
?v=5ZegQYgygdw
 Protestant Reformation
c 3) Papal Bulls Written
4 DETAILS
A Papal Bull is an
edict, law or
proclamation by the
pope. Several Papal
Bull’s were issued by
Pope Leo X in order
to stop the spread of
Martin Luther’s
ideas. Pictured is an
original of one such
Papal Bull.
 Protestant Reformation
c 4) Diet of Worms
4 DETAILS
A meeting was held by
Catholic leaders for several
months in Worms,
Germany to discuss the
reformation. The Edict of
Worms was written as a
result, condemning the
Reformation. They also
ended up
excommunicating Martin
Luther, who defended
himself at a trial the same
year.
Protestant Reformation
c 1) Bible Written in German
4 EFFECTS
Martin Luther worked to
translate the Bible from
Greek, Latin and Hebrew
into German so that
common people could read
it. This separated many
from the Catholic Church
forever since they didn’t
rely on a priest to read the
scriptures in Latin. The
Bible has since been
translated into virtually
every language on the
planet.
Protestant Reformation
c 2) Lutheran Church Established
4 EFFECTS
Not only was a
Christian denomination
named after Luther (the
Lutheran Church), but
countless other protestant
denominations have been
established as alternatives
to Catholicism. These
include: Baptist,
Presbyterian, Methodist,
Seventh-Day Adventist,
Calvinist and many others.
 Protestant Reformation
c 3) Church of England
4 EFFECTS

King Henry of England

followed the lead of reformers by
also splitting from the pope and
the Catholic Church. Since
Henry wasn’t allowed to divorce
his barren wife to marry another,
he established his own church,
the Anglican Church (Church of
England), of which he was pope.
 Protestant Reformation
c 3) Church of England
4 EFFECTS

King Henry of England

followed the lead of reformers by
also splitting from the pope and
the Catholic Church. Since
Henry wasn’t allowed to divorce
his barren wife to marry another,
he established his own church,
the Anglican Church (Church of https://
www.youtube.com/watch
England), of which he was pope. ?v=3PAqoef2BGg
Protestant Reformation
c 4) Religious Tension
4 EFFECTS
With the northern
sections of Europe
preferring Protestantism
(Scandinavia, Germany,
England, etc.) and the
southern nations of Europe
preferring Catholicism
(Spain, France, Italy, etc.),
the continent was divided in
religious tension. This was
seen clearly in the 1558
naval battle between
Catholic Spain and
Protestant England.
 Protestant Reformation
c 4) Religious Tension
4 EFFECTS
With the northern
sections of Europe
preferring Protestantism
(Scandinavia, Germany,
England, etc.) and the
southern nations of Europe
preferring Catholicism
(Spain, France, Italy, etc.),
the continent was divided in
religious tension. This was
seen clearly in the 1558
naval battle between
https:// Catholic Spain and
www.youtube.com/watch Protestant England.
?v=d-7GoyusdtQ
 Protestant Reformation
4 CAUSES 4 FIGURES
a b

4 DETAILS c d
4 EFFECTS
Martin Luther