Emergency Rescue and

Transfer And Incident

Command
 LEARNING OBJECTIVES:
At the end of this module, the students will be able to:
 Define the different concepts in Emergency Response Management (ERM);
 Describe the principles of Emergency Rescue and Transfer and understand the
different phases and key elements needed for emergency response management
including local level Search and Rescue
 Explain the overall Emergency Rescue and Transfer process including the
Emergency Response Team Roles and Responsibilities;
 Evaluate scene for emergency rescue and recognize the criteria in selecting methods
of transfer;
• Demonstrate the different methods of transfer (Lifting and Moving) based on the
indications.
 LEARNING CONTENT
Emergency Rescue and Transfer
Emergency Response Management;
Characteristics of Emergency .
Preparedness for Effective Response
Emergency Response Team
Moving and Lifting
 Incident Command System
PRE- TEST
 Letter Search Riddle Game
Direction: Answer the following questions to come up with the
answer to this riddle.

“I am not a food or drinks but you need me in time of incident.”

1. I am the last letter of transfer

2. You’ll find me in net not in nit.
3. I am the first letter of stretcher
4. You’ll find me in cut not in hut.
5. I am in the middle of wound
6. I am the first letter of emergency
 What is an Emergency and Response?

Emergency is a serious, unexpected, and often dangerous

situation requiring immediate action while response is a
reaction to such a situation or event. Response can be from
an individual to national level.
 Characteristics of Emergency

Disruptive to individuals and communities:

• Not part of day-to- day experience;
• Unpredictable in occurrence and effects;
• Requires a response;
• local resources may be inadequate;
• Wide range of destructive effects and impacts on the humans, animal and/or plant.
life, health, property and/or the environment;
• Complex needs in dealing with them;
• Can be of sudden onset;
• Overwhelm normal prudent protective measures.
 Aim of Emergency Response Management

“To reduce mortality rate and damage to property

thereby reducing the impacts of disaster and to ensure
successful recovery of maximum number of people”
 Activities included in Emergency Response
Management
• Search & Rescue
• Fire Fighting
• Emergency Medical Assistance including first aid, mass casualty management and
physiological first aid etc
• Transportation of victims
• Need Assessment Survey
Hospital Preparedness
• Evacuation
• Provision of food and non-food items
• Temporary shelter
• Emergency repair of critical facilities
• Security measures/tracing/family reunification
 Emergency and Response

• Emergency is a serious, unexpected, and often dangerous situation

requiring immediate action while response is a reaction to such a
situation or event.
 Characteristics of Emergency

Disruptive to individuals and communities:

• Not part of day-to- day experience;

• Unpredictable in occurrence and effects;

• Requires a response;

• local resources may be inadequate;

• Wide range of destructive effects and impacts on the humans, animal and/or plant

life, health, property and/or the environment;

• Complex needs in dealing with them;

• Can be of sudden onset;

• Overwhelm normal prudent protective measures.

 Preparedness for Effective Response

Preparedness measures can take many forms including the construction

of shelters, installation of warning devices, creation of back-up life-line
services (eg. power, water, sewage), and rehearsing evacuation plans.
In the preparedness phase, emergency managers develop plans of
action for when the disaster strikes.
Common preparedness measures include:
• Communication plans with easily understandable terminology and methods
• Proper maintenance and training of emergency services, including mass
human resources such as community emergency response teams
• Development and exercise of emergency population warning methods
combined with emergency shelters and evacuation plans
• Stockpiling, inventory, and maintain disaster supplies and equipment
 
 Search and Rescue

a. Search: to carefully look for victims in order to find someone missing or

lost
b. Rescue: to free a trapped victim/casualty from confinement or from
under a rubble. It is an act of saving or being saved from danger or
distress.
 Emergency Rescue and Transfer

• Emergency Rescue is a procedure moving a victim from a

dangerous to safe place while Emergency transfer is the
procedure of moving a victim from a safe place to a safer place.
• Emergency rescue and short distance transfer deal with the
movement of victims away from hazardous locations and the use
of protective methods to support a victim's body during
emergency transfer.
 Criteria in selecting methods of transfer

 Nature and severity of injury.

 Size of the victim.
 Physical capabilities of the first aider.
 Number of personnel and equipment available.
 Nature of evacuation route.
 Distance to be covered.
 Sex of the victims. (last consideration)
 Pointers To Be Observed During Transfer

 Victim’s airway must be maintained open.

 Hemorrhage is control
 Check the victim’s condition regularly.
 Supporting bandaging and dressing remain effectively applied.
 The method of transfer is safe, comfortable, speedy as
circumstances permit.
 The victim’s body is move as one unit.
 The taller first aider stays at the head side of the victim.
 Emergency Response Team

 Emergency response teams (ERT), also called incident response teams, are groups of
people who prepare for and respond to emergency incidents such as natural disasters,
security threats, public health crises, or other potential business disruptions.
The first person on-scene will typically serve as the Incident Commander (IC), until
relieved by a more senior person. Responsibilities for the first person on-scene may
include:
Taking appropriate personal protective measures
Notifying Supervisory Personnel and/or Incident Commander of the incident
Advising personnel in the area of any potential threat and/or initiate evacuation
procedures
Eliminate potential ignition sources
 Supervisory Personnel responsibilities may include:

 Initiate initial response actions if they are the first person on the scene (see
above)
 Restrict access to the incident scene and surrounding area as the situation
demands Take any other steps necessary to minimize any threat to health
and safety
 Request medical assistance, if necessary
 Verify substance released and obtain Safety Data Sheets, as necessary
 Identify and isolate source to minimize product loss
 Coordinate further response actions with Incident Commander and local
responders
 Incident Commander responsibilities may include:

 Activate the Emergency Response team

 Activate additional response contractors and local resources
 Evaluate the Severity, Potential Impact, Safety Concerns, and Response
Requirements based on the initial information provided by the First Person
On-Scene
 Confirm safety aspects at site, including need for personal protective
equipment, sources of ignition, and potential need for evacuation
 Communicate and provide incident briefings to company superiors, as
appropriate
 Coordinate/complete additional internal and external notifications
 Communicate with Emergency Response Team, as the situation demands
 Direct response a cleanup operation
 The number of personnel required to staff the Emergency Response Team will depend
on the size and complexity of the incident. The duties of each position may be
performed by the Incident Commander directly or delegated as the situation demands.
• Priorities of an incident commander should include, but are not limited to the following:
Swift evaluation and cyclical incident updates: With early evaluation and continual
progress assessments, the IC can utilize current conditions to establish the
necessary responses to counteract the circumstances. The consideration of
responder safety should be incorporated into every evaluation and response
measure.
Effective communications: The ability to receive and transmit information, maintain
situational awareness, and communicate with all components within the incident
organization is essential to ensure effective supervision, directives, and response
controls.
Strategic decisions: The response team’s risk level may be driven by the extent of
the incident and site-specific response strategy.
 Lifting and Moving

Things to Consider;
 Move only the victim’s if his ABCs are stable.
 As much as possible, let the victim move on his own
 Always asked the permission of the victim and keep him
informed.
 Observe ergonomics in lifting and transfer.
 Incident Command
• Command Used by the Leader
1. Ready to kneel
2. Hands over victim
3. Ready to insert
4. Lock
5. Ready to Load
6. Ready to lift/ Ready to stand
7. Ready to walk
8. Head/Foot pace
• Members of the team will respond “READY”
  One Man Carry/Assist (ONE RESCUER)

 ANKLE PULL
1. Grasp the victim by both ankles or pant cuffs.
2. Pull with your legs, not your back.
3. Keep your back as straight as possible.
4. Try to keep the pull as straight and in-line as
possible.
5. Keep aware that the head is unsupported and
may bounce over bumps and surface
imperfections.

Note: Do not use this assist if you suspect that the

victim have a head, neck and spinal injury.
  One Man Carry/Assist (ONE RESCUER)

 SHOULDER PULL
 The shoulder pull is preferred to the ankle pull. It
supports the head of the victim. The negative is that it
requires the rescuer to bend over at the waist while
pulling.
1. Grasp the victim by the clothing under the shoulders.
2. Keep your arms on both sides of the head.
3. Support the head.
4. Try to keep the pull as straight and in-line as possible.
•  
  One Man Carry/Assist (ONE RESCUER)

 BLANKET PULL
 This is the preferred method for
dragging a victim.
1. Place the victim on the blanket by using
the “logroll” or the three-person lift.
2. The victim is placed with the head
approx. 2 ft. from one corner of the
blanket.
3. Wrap the blanket corners around the
victim.
4. Keep your back as straight as possible.
5. Use your legs, not your back.
6. Try to keep the pull as straight and in-
line as possible.
  One Man Carry/Assist (ONE RESCUER)

 FIREFIGHTER CARRY
• This technique is for carrying a victim longer
distances. It is very difficult to get the person up
to this position from the ground. Getting the
victim into position requires a very strong rescuer
or an assistant.

1. The victim is carried over one shoulder.

2. The rescuer’s arm, on the side that the victim is
being carried, is wrapped across the victim’s
legs and grasps the victim’s opposite arm.
Video: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_zOTryBxm-8
  One Man Carry/Assist (ONE RESCUER)

• PACK-STRAP CARRY
• When injuries make the firefighter carry unsafe, this
method is better for longer distances than the one-
person lift.

1. Place both the victim’s arms over your shoulders.

2. Cross the victim’s arms, grasping the victim’s opposite
wrist.
3. Pull the arms close to your chest.
4. Squat slightly and drive your hips into the victim while
bending slightly at the waist.
5. Balance the load on your hips and support the victim
with your legs.

Video: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OJTV8Hlcz-g
  One Man Carry/Assist (ONE RESCUER)

• ONE-PERSON LIFT/LOVERS CARRY

When injuries make the firefighter carry unsafe, this
method is better for longer distances than the one-person
lift.
1. Place both the victim’s arms over your shoulders.
2. Cross the victim’s arms, grasping the victim’s opposite
wrist.
3. Pull the arms close to your chest.
4. Squat slightly and drive your hips into the victim while
bending slightly at the waist.
5. Balance the load on your hips and support the victim
with your legs.
Video: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hENM-9ekw7E
  One Man Carry/Assist (ONE RESCUER)

• Tied Hand Crawl

 The tied-hands crawl may be used to drag an unconscious
casualty for a short distance.
 It is particularly useful when you must crawl underneath a low structure,
but it is the least desirable because the casualty's head is not supported.
1. kneel on one knee at his or her head. Pass your hands under the armpits;
then slide your hands down the sides and clasp them across the back.
2. Raise the casualty to the kneeling position as shown in figure 4-85B. Take a
better hold across the back.
3. Raise the casualty to a standing position and place your right leg between
the legs. Grasp the right wrist in your left hand and swing the arm around the
back of your neck and down your left shoulder.
4. Stoop quickly and pull the casualty across your shoulders and, at the same
time, put your right arm between the legs.
5. Grasp the right wrist with your right hand and straighten up
  One Man Carry/Assist (ONE RESCUER)

Lovers Carry
Pack Strap
Firefighter/Fireman

 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jYUEFc4wJik
   Two-Man Carry/Assist (TWO RESCUERS)
• HUMAN CRUTCH/TWO PERSON DRAG
• For the conscious victim, this carry allows the victim to
swing their leg using the rescuers as a pair of crutches.
For the unconscious victim, it is a quick and easy way to
move a victim out of immediate danger.
1. Start with the victim on the ground.
2. Both rescuers stand on either side of the victim’s chest.
3. The rescuer’s hand nearest the feet grabs the victim’s
wrist on their side of the victim.
4. The rescuer’s other hand grasps the clothing of the
shoulder nearest them.
5. Pulling and lifting the victim’s arms, the rescuers bring
the victim into a sitting position.
   Two-Man Carry/Assist (TWO RESCUERS)

• HUMAN CRUTCH/TWO PERSON DRAG

6. The conscious victim will then stand with rescuer
assistance.
7. The rescuers place their hands around the victim’s
waist
8. For the unconscious victim, the rescuers will grasp the
belt or waistband of the victim’s clothing.
9. The rescuers will then squat down.
10. Place the victim’s arms over their shoulders so that
they end up facing the same direction as the victim.
11. Then, using their legs, they stand with the victim.
12. The rescuers then move out, dragging the victim’s
legs behind.
  Two-Man Carry/Assist (TWO RESCUERS)

 FOUR HANDED SEATS.

• This technique is for carrying conscious and
alert victims’ moderate distances. The victim
must be able to stand unsupported and hold
themselves upright during transport.

1. Position the hands as indicated in the

graphic.
2. Lower the seat and allow the victim to sit.
3. Lower the seat using your legs, not your
back.
4. When the victim is in place, stand using
your legs, keeping your back straight.
  Two-Man Carry/Assist (TWO RESCUERS)

• TWO-HANDED SEATS
• This technique is for carrying a victim longer
distances. This technique can support an
unconscious victim.

1. Pick up the victim by having both rescuers

squat down on either side of the victim.
2. Reach under the victim’s shoulders and under
their knees.
3. Grasp the other rescuer’s wrists.
4. From the squat, with good lifting technique,
stand.
5. Walk in the direction that the victim is
 CHAIR CARRY
• This is a good method for carrying
victims up and down stairs or through
narrow or uneven areas.
• NOTE: The chair used should be a
sturdy one. Don’t use aluminum beach
chairs, resin patio chairs, swivel chairs,
or lightweight folding chairs.
• REMEMBER: Chairs with wheels can be
used to roll the victim, but should not be
used for a carry.
 CHAIR CARRY
1. Pick the victim up and place them or
have them sit in a chair.
2. The rescuer at the head grasps the chair
from the sides of the back, palms in.
3. The rescuer at the head then tilts the
chair back onto its rear legs.
4. For short distances or stairwells, the
second rescuer should face in and grasp
the chair legs.
5. For longer distances, the second rescuer
should separate the victim’s legs, back
into the chair and, on the command of
the rescuer at the head, both rescuers
stand using their legs.
  THREE OR MORE RESCUERS

• HAMMOCK CARRY
• Three or more rescuers get on both sides of the victim.
The strongest member is on the side with the fewest
rescuers.

1. Reach under the victim and grasp one wrist on the

opposite rescuer.
2. The rescuers on the ends will only be able to grasp one
wrist on the opposite rescuer.
3. The rescuers with only one wrist grasped will use their
free hands to support the victim’s head and feet/legs.
4. The rescuers will then squat and lift the victim on the
command of the person nearest the head, remembering
  THREE OR MORE RESCUERS

• STRETCHER LIFT
• This technique is for lifting a patient
into a bed or stretcher, or for
transporting them short distances.
1. Each person kneels on the knee
nearest the victim’s feet.
2. On the command of the person at the
head, the rescuers lift the victim up
and rest the victim on their knees.
  THREE OR MORE RESCUERS
• STRETCHER LIFT
• If the patient is being placed on a low stretcher or litter
basket:
• On the command of the person at the head, the patient is
placed down on the litter/stretcher.
• If the victim is to be placed on a high gurney/bed or to be
carried:
• At this point, the rescuers will rotate the victim so that the
victim is facing the rescuers, resting against the rescuers’
chests.

1. On the command of the person at the head, all the rescuers

will stand.
2. To walk, all rescuers will start out on the same foot, walking
in a line abreast.
The world needs people who save lives.
-Frederick Buechner
Thank You for Listening!