Dr.

AMBEDKAR INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY

(Affiliated to VTU)
BDA, Outer Ring Rd, Near, Gnana Bharathi, Bengaluru,
Karnataka
560056

Department of Civil Engineering

 PROJECT REPORT ON
Manufacturing of paver block using bitumen, Quarry dust and plastic
waste and recycled concrete aggregates.

UNDER THE GUIDANCE OF

Mr. Naveen Kumar M. ME
(Department of Civil Engineering)

Submitted by

POORNIMA - 1DA18CV420
PRAVEENKUMAR P V - 1DA18CV422
SURESH - 1DA18CV434
Y R ROSHANGOWDA - 1DA18CV435
Manufacturing of paver blocks by using bitumen, Quarry dust recycled concrete aggregate and plastic waste.
 CONTENTS
 Abstract
 Introduction
 Objects
 Litreture survey
 Materials
 Methodology
 Material tests
 References
 Abstract
The construction and demolition waste is generated at enormous rate. An efficient
method is required to minimise the hazards causing due to these waste. In this work an
attempt is made to manage these wastes by utilizing them in manufacturing of
bituminous paving blocks. In which natural aggregates are replaced by recycled
concrete aggregates (generated by construction &demolishing waste).

A technique has been developed for the manufacture of bituminous paving blocks using
locally available materials. This technique requires relatively low capital expenditure &
a high labour component. A technique has been developed for the manufacturing of
bituminous paving blocks using locally available materials, which are sometimes of
marginal quality, stabilised with bitumen emulsion or foamed bitumen.
 Introduction
One of the major problem in India is the lack of facility for pedestrians . The
majority of road network built lacks pedestrian safety & convenience to promote
walking. In India grade of bitumen is based on the penetration at which is conducted
at a temperature 25 degree Celsius.

Every year in India generates billion tons of construction and demolition waste
which needs to be reuse effectively otherwise which causes direct and indirect hazard
to living being and careless damping contributes to land pollution. Due to advance
techniques, the activity of demolition of structure is growing significantly, which
generates huge amount of C&D waste
In this study C&D waste mainly cement concrete is used in the form of aggregates by
crushing grading in various proportion. This type of aggregates which can be used as
a substitute for natural aggregates is called as recycled concrete aggregates (RCA).

This recycled concrete aggregates water absorption is more, it should be

minimized by remove the coating of the cement matrix from the surface of the
recycled aggregates. The composition involves mixing for quarry dust and recycled
concrete aggregates with bitumen, it acts as a binding agent.
 Objectives
• To utilize the waste materials such as recycled concrete aggregates, plastic
waste and quarry dust.
• To utilize these wastes should be Eco-friendly.
• The cost of paver blocks reduced when compared to the concrete blocks.
• It can be used in parking areas, divider blocks in the road construction.
• It reduce the consumption of natural recourses.
 Litreture review
Sl Author name Title name conclusion
no
1 Jyoti Prakash Giri Bituminous paving It is observed that replacement
Abbaas Kareem blocks - a solution to of NA by RCA more than 30%
A R Pasandin plastic and demolished reduce the required strength of
B Shanmugavalli concrete waste paver blocks. It can be effective
management up to 30%.
It is estimated that cost of
designed bitumen paving block
is Rs.11 concrete paving block
of same size is Rs.17 hence it is
cost compared to conventional
block used for pedestrian
pavements.
sl no Author name title conclusion
2 B Shanmugavalli Reuse of plastic waste in The utilization of waste plastic
K Gotham paver blocks in production of paver block
P Jeba Nalwin has productive way of disposal
B Eswara Moorthy of plastic waste.
The cost of the paver block is
reduced.it shows the good heat
resistance.
3 P Suresh Recycling plastic waste Though the compressive
MD Azam into paving blocks strength is high when
B Harish compared to the concrete
paving blocks. the main thing
is eco friendly by reuse the
plastic.
 Materials used
Bitumen:
Bitumen is important constituent material in the bituminous mix as it
acts as a binder material which makes the bituminous mix adhesive. There
are various grades of bitumen used in pavement construction depending upon
the suitable condition. In India bitumen depends on penetration
 Quarry dust
Quarry dust is a by product of the
crushing process which is
concentrated material to use as a
fine aggregates. In quarrying
activities the rock has been crushed
into various sizes, during the
process the dust generated is called
quarry dust and it is formed as
waste.
Recycled concrete aggregates
recycled concrete aggregates is an
alternative to using natural aggregate
in concrete. These are obtained by the
demolition of building structures.
Using recycled aggregates is
environmentally beneficial by
preserving natural resources.
 Plastic material
Plastic waste used in this work was brought from the surrounding areas.
Currently about 56 lakhs tonnes of plastic waste dumped in India in a year.
Bottle made of PET can be recycled to reuse the material and to reduce the
amount of waste going into landfills.
 Methodology

Plastic- Plastic consumption has grown at a

tremendous rate over the past two decades as plastics

now play an important role in all aspects of modern

lifestyles. Collection and disposal of plastic waste

has emerged as an important environmental

challenge and its recycling is facing road blocks due

to their non-degradable nature. There are four basic

ways in which communities can offer plastic

recycling collection services for plastic bottles and

containers.
 Bitumen

Bitumen is the residue or by-

product when the crude petroleum
is refined. A wide variety of
refinery processes such , as the
straight distillation process, solvent
extraction process etc, may be used
to produce bitumen of different
consistency and other desirable
properties.
Quarry dust- It is a by-product of the
crushing process which is a concentrated
material to use as aggregates for
concreting purpose, especially as fine
aggregates. In quarrying activities, the rock
has been crushed into various sizes, during
the process the dust generated is called
quarry dust and it is formed as waste.
Recycled concrete
aggregates-
it is generally produce by the
crushing of concrete rubble,
screening then removal of
contaminants such as
reinforcement, paper, wood,
plastics and gypsum.
Concrete made with such
recycled concrete aggregate
is called recycled aggregate
concrete.
Mixing

Mixing is a process of all ingredients such as quarry dust, recycled concrete

aggregate, mix in a dry waterproof platform, the materials mix until uniform colour
then adds water to dry mix, mix it well.

The fresh mix is placed as soon as possible.

Proportion of bitumen concrete – 1:3:6

 Volume of mould - 0.2X0.1X0.06 - 0.0012cum

 Density of bitumen concrete – 2050kg/cum
 Weight of block – 2.46 kg
 Ratio of RCA:QD – 100:50
 Weight of RCA – 1.476 kg
 Weight of QD – 0.738 kg
 Weight of bitumen – 0.246 kg
 MOULDING

Moulding is a manufacturing process that involves shaping

a liquid or malleable raw material by using a fixed frame, known
as either a mould or matrix. The mould is generally a hollow
cavity receptacle, commonly made of metal, where liquid
plastic, metal ceramics, or glass materials is poured.
 After mix the ingredients properly the moulding
process starts, apply the grease or oil to the mould inner
surface cleanly, and pour the mix material in to the mould
compact evenly. Then rest for 24 hrs. Release the mould.
 Material tests

 Recycled concrete aggregates

1. sieve analysis
2. specific gravity
3. crushing test
4. impact test
5.water absorption
 Bitumen
1. penetration test
2. softening test
3. viscosity test
4. ductility test
 Quarry dust

1. sieve analysis
 Test on specimen

1. compressive strength
2. water absorption
 Applications
1) This paver blocks
used in laying on
road side footpath. It
reduce the cost of
plastic paver block
over concrete paver
blocks.
2) Plastic paver blocks
used as a road
divider in urban
roads . It is more
economical.
It is durable also.
 Advantages
 High durability. Paver blocks are highly durable in
build and has a life of minimum 20 years, therefore,
once installed, then replace after a long time.
 Low maintenance. That's right, another solid reason for

choosing pavers for your exterior flooring.

 Environment-friendly.
 Easy to install & repair.
 Cost-effective.
 Reference
[A] Jyoti Prakash Giri, Mahabir Panda & Umesh Chandra Shoo,
“Performance of bitumen mixes containing treated recycled concrete
aggregate & modified by waste polyethylene” in the journal of
American society of civil engineers, 2018.
[B] Abbaas Kareem, Hamid Nikraz & Hassein Asadi, “Evaluation of the
double coated recycled concrete aggregates for hot mix bitumen”, in the

journal of construction and building materials, 2018, pp 544-552.

[C] Nivetha, C. Rubiya, M. shobana, S. vaijayanathi, G. (2016). Production
of plastic paver block from the solid waste. ARPN Journal of
engineering and Applied science.