ADENO VIRUSES

MRS. D. BINDU Msc., phd.,

Assistant professor
DEPT OF MICROBIOLOGY
 ADENOVIRUS
• Adenovirus first detected in human
adenoid tissue.
• Belongs to the family ADENOVIRIDIAE.
• Subfamilies -1.aviadenoviruses
2.Mastadenovirus
Human adenoviruses 6 species - A-F.
B species as two subspecies –B1,B2.
• Used in gene therapy.
MORPHOLOGY –SPACE VEHICLE
• 70-75nm.
• Icosahedral symmetry.
• 252 capsomer present, 240 capsomer are hexons forming 20
triangular facets and 12 are pentons forming 12 vertices.
• From the vertices rod like projects arise with the knob.
• Resembles the space vehicle.
Pathogensis
• Causes infections of respiratory tract, eye, gastrointestinal tract or
urinary tract.
• Route of infection: conjunctiva, nasal mucosa, faeco-oral(children).
• Incubation period : 5-7 days.
• Initially multiply in the conjunctiva, pharynx, small intestine and
spread to draining lymph nodes.
Diseases associated with various serotypes of
adenoviruses
serotypes disease
1,2,3,4,5,6,7 Acute febrile pharyngitis
4,7,14,21 Acute respiratory disease
1,2,3,7 pneumonia
3,7 Pharyngoconjunctival fever
3,4,11 Acute follicular conjunctivitis
8,19,37 Epidemic keratoconjunctivitis
40,41 Diarrhoea and vomitting
1,2,5 intussception
11,21 Haemorrhagic cystitis
19,37 Genital infections
5,34,35,43-47 Disseminated infection
LAB DIAGNOSIS
SPECIMENS:
Throat swab
Nasopharyngeal swab
bronchial lavage
Conjunctival swab
Corneal scrapings
Stool, anal swab, genital secretions
Urine
Biopsy
Microscopy and Isolation
• Viral particle identified in stool – Electron microscope.
• Viral antigen from infected cells from respiratory tract, eye, urine and infected cell
cultures may be demonstrated by IF using mab.
ISOLATION:
Inoculating the specimen – tissue cultures such as HeLa, Hep-2, KB and human
embryo kidney cells.
Cytopathic effects: Rounding and clustering of swollen cells into grape-like clusters.
Identified by IF, CFT, hemagglutination.
Typing is done by neutralization.
Contd lab diagnosis
LATEX AGGLUTINATION: Enteric viruses identified.
PCR: sensitive technique for ag detection.
rapid method for detecting all the human serotypes.
SEROLOGY: rise in the titre of antibody demonstrated in paired sera.
Examination of single specimen of serum is inconclusive as
adenovirus antibody are so common in population.
PROPHYLAXIS
Prophylaxis
• No vaccine for general use.
• Specific prevention is required only for the control of outbreaks in
closed communities, as in military recruits.
• Killed and live vaccine available, for ARD.