PROPERTIES OF COUNTING

NUMBERS
UNIT 1
LEARNING VOCABULARIES

Counting numbers Divisor

Factor Natural number
Prime number Property
Divisible Even number
Counting numbers are
used in our everyday life.

COUNTING NUMBERS
The set of counting numbers can be
represented by points on a number line.

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
Natural numbers

COUNTING NUMBERS
Counting numbers which
are divisible by 2 are called
even numbers.
Example: 2, 4, 6, 8, 10
Counting numbers
which are not
divisible by 2 are
called odd numbers.
Example: 1, 3, 5, 7, 9

Even and Odd numbers

Counting numbers which multiply to
give a certain number are called the
factors or divisors of that number.
For example, the number 16 can be
expressed as shown below.
16 = 1 x 16
16 = 2x8 Write only one of the
repeated factors in the
16 = 4x4 answer.
* Therefore, the factors of 16 are
1, 2, 4, 8 and16.

FACTORS = DIVISORS
 Counting numbers which multiply to
give a certain number are called the
factors or divisors of that number.

Example 1: list all the factors of 36.

36 = 1 x 36
36 = 2 x 18
36 = 3 x 12 Write only one of the
36 = 4x 9 repeated factors in the
36 = 6x 6 answer.

* Therefore, the factors of 36 are 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 9, 12, 18 and 36.

FACTORS = DIVISORS
 Multiples of any number are numbers
that can be divided exactly by that
number.
Look at the following multiplications:
1x5 = 5 These numbers can be
2x5 = 10 divided exactly by 5

3x5 = 15 5
4x5 = 20
5x5 = 25
* The number 5, 10, 15, 20, 25 are called the multiples of 5

MULTIPLES
 Multiples of any number are numbers
that can be divided exactly by that
number.
Look at the following multiplications:
1x7 = 7 These numbers can be
2x7 = 14 divided exactly by 7

3x7 = 21 7
4x7 = 28
5x7 = 35
* The number 7, 14, 21, 28, 35 are called the multiples of 7

MULTIPLES
 Prime numbers are numbers which have
exactly two factors, namely 1 and the
number itself..
Look at the following numbers:
2 = 1x2
3 = 1x3 The number 2, 3, 5,
and 7 are prime
5 = 1x5 numbers.
7 = 1x7
* 1 is not a prime number because it does not
have two different factors.

PRIME NUMBERS
Prime factors are those factors of a
number which are prime numbers.
The process of finding prime factors is
known as prime factorization.
Previous example: Factors of 24 are 1, 2,
3, 4, 6, 8, 12 and 24
Since 2 and 3 are prime numbers and
factors of 24, therefore, 2 and 3 are
called prime factors.

PRIME FACTORS
1. The factor tree method

40

4 X 10 Express 40 in terms of 4 x 10

Express 4 and 10 in terms of 2

x 2 and 2 x 5
2 x 2 x 2 x 5 2 and 5 are prime numbers
Therefore, 40 = 2 x 2 x 2 x 5

PRIME FACTORS
1. The factor tree method

60

6 X 10 Express 60 in terms of 6 x 10

Express 6 and 10 in terms of 2

x 3 and 2 x 5
2 x 3 x 2 x 5 2, 3 and 5 are prime numbers
Therefore, 60 = 2 x 3 x 2 x 5

PRIME FACTORS
2. The continuous division method

2 40 Divide 40 by 2

2 20 Divide 20 by 2
2 and 5 are prime
numbers
2 10 Divide 10 by 2

5 5 Divide 5 by 5

1 (The result is 1)
Therefore, 40 = 2 x 2 x 2 x 5

PRIME FACTORS
2. The continuous division method

2 80 Divide 80 by 2

2 40 Divide 40 by 2
2 and 5 are prime
numbers
2 20 Divide 20 by 2

5 10 Divide 10 by 5

2 2 (The result is 1)

1 Therefore, 80 = 2 x 2 x 2 x 5 x 2

PRIME FACTORS
1) 15

15

3 and 5 are prime factors

3 X 5
Therefore, 15 = 3 x 5

EXERCISES
2) 63

63

3 and 7 are prime factors

3 X 21
Therefore, 63 = 3 x 3 x 7

1 x 3 x 3 x 7

EXERCISES
3) 136

136

2 and 17 are prime factors

2 X 68
Therefore, 136 = 2 x 2 x 2 x 17

2 x 34

2 x 17

EXERCISES
4) 144
144

2 X 72
2 and 3 are prime factors

2 x 36 Therefore, 144 = 2x2x2x2x3x3

2 x 18
2 x 9
3 x 3

EXERCISES
Thank you for
listening!