Parts of Speech

(Jenis-jenis Kata)

A. Pronouns ( Kata Ganti )

Subject Object Possessive Adjective Possessive Pronouns Reflexive Pronouns

I = Saya Me My …. = ….. ku Mine = milikku Myself = diriku sendiri

You = Kamu You Your …. = ….. mu Yours = milikmu Yourself = dirimu sendiri
We = Kita Us Our ….. = ….. kita Ours = milik kita Ourselves = diri kita sendiri

They = Mereka Them Their … = ….. mereka Theirs = milik mereka Themselves = diri mrk sendiri

He = Dia (pa) Him His ….. = ….. nya (pa) His = miliknya Himself = dirinya sendiri

She = Dia (pi) Her Her …. = ….. nya (pi) Hers = miliknya Herself = dirinya sendiri
It = Dia (bar) it Its ….. = …. Nya (bar) - Itself = dirinya sendiri
 Parts of Speech
(Jenis-jenis Kata)
B. Verbs( Kata Kerja)

Ask = bertanya Wake up = bangun Get up = bangun

Answer = menjawab Look at = melihat Open = membuka

Teach = mengajar See = melihat Close = menutup

Study = belajar Hear = mendengar Walk = berjalan
Learn = mempelajari Listen to = mendengarkan Run = berlari
Say = berkata Watch = nonton Wash = mencuci
Speak = berbicara Feel = merasa Read = membaca
Talk = membicarakan Want = ingin Write = menulis
Go = pergi Need = memerlukan Sit = duduk
Come = datang like = suka Stand = berdiri
 Parts of Speech
(Jenis-jenis Kata)
C. Adjective ( Kata Sifat)

Big = besar Quiet = tenang Old = tua Bad = buruk

Small = kecil Noisy = gaduh Young = muda Polite = sopan
Fast = cepat Crowded = ramai Easy = mudah Handsome = tampan
Slow = lambat Long = panjang/lama Difficult = sulit Beautiful = cantik
Lazy = malas Short = pendek Dark = gelap Narrow = sempit
Diligent = rajin Thick = tebal Bright = terang Wide = lebar
Far = jauh Thin = tipis/ kurus Hot = panas Interesting = menarik
Near = dekat Fat = gemuk Warm = hangat Delicious = enak
Cheap = murah Tall = tinggi Cold = dingin Sweet = manis
Expensive = mahal Short = pendek good = baik Bitter = pahit
 Parts of Speech
(Jenis-jenis Kata)
D. Adverbs( Kata Keterangan )
Adverbs of Place: Adverbs of Time: Adverbs of Frequency:

here Today Always

There Every day Usually
At home Every night Generally
At school Every week Often
At office Every month Frequently
In the yard Every year Sometimes
Under the table At night Seldom
Near my house In the morning Ever
In the afternoon Never
On Sundays
 Parts of Speech
(Jenis-jenis Kata)
E. Nouns (Kata Benda)
Countable Nouns: Uncountable Nouns:

A book Rice water

A house Coffee tea
A man Sugar salt
A teacher Milk sand
A dog Ink money
A mango Soup soap
A marble Ink paper
Air cream
An umbrella Ice bread
An egg Meat cheese
An artist Oil gasoline
An eraser
An elephant
An orange
 Parts of Speech
(Jenis-jenis Kata)
E. Prepositions (Kata Depan)

In = di/ pada, didalam to = kepada

On = di/ pada, diatas for = untuk
At = di/ pada From = dari

Beside = disamping With = dengan

Behind = dibelakang Without = tanpa
Between = diantara Across = diseberang
Above = diatas of = dari
Under = dibawah
In front of = didepan Toward = kearah, terhadap
Near = didekat Forward = kedepan
Along = disepanjang Backward = kebelakang
Among = diantara
 ENGLISH SENTENCES
(Kalimat B. Inggris)

A. VERBAL SENTENCES (Kalimat Verbal)

Subject Verbs Subject Verbs

I go He goes
You eat She eats
We write It sleeps
They sleep
The man goes
The children go My father eats
My frends eat The cat sleeps
The boys sleep
More examples:

I read a book here every day.

You sit here every morning.
We meet there every Sunday.
They watch TV at home every day.

She cooks rice in the kitchen every day.

He works at the office every morning.
It drinks water every morning.
Mother wakes up at 5 o’clock every day.
 Exercise 1
Translate the following sentences into English.
1. Saya selalu duduk dekat jendela itu.
2. Kamu biasanya bangun pada pukul 5 setiap pagi.
3. Kita bertemu di kelas ini setiap hari Minggu.
4. Mereka datang kesini setiap sore.
5. Saya pergi ke sekolah dengan sepeda motor.
6. Kamu mempunyai seorang saudara laki-laki dan seorang saudara perempuan.
7. Kita kadang-kadang melihat orang pria itu disini.
8. Mereka membuka pintu gerbang itu pada pukul 7 pagi.
9. Saya selalu makan pagi sebelum saya pergi ke sekolah.
10.Kamu mengajar murid-murid itu disini setiap pagi.
11.Kita membaca pengumuman itu di kantor itu.
12.Mereka biasanya membaca koran disini tiap pagi.
 Exercise 2
Translate the following sentences into English.
1. Dia (pi) biasanya berjalan ke sekolah setiap pagi.
2. Dia (pa) mengajar B. Inggris di sekolah itu setiap hari.
3. Dia (bin) mempunyai sebuah ekor.
4. Dia (pi) memasak nasi didapur itu setiap pagi .
5. Dia (pa) sering menunggu kamu disini.
6. Dia (bar) memerlukan sebuah sampul.
7. Anak laki-laki itu bermain dengan teman-temannya disini tiap sore.
8. Wanita itu bertempat tinggal disini dengan anak-anaknya.
9. Ayahku sering pergi keluar kota pada hari Minggu.
10.Pak Bambang bekerja dikantor itu setiap hari.
11.Kucing itu selalu tidur dibawah meja itu setiap hari.
12.Rumahku mempunyai halaman luas.
 ENGLISH SENTENCES
(Kalimat B. Inggris)

B. NOMINAL SENTENCES (Kalimat Nominal)

Subject Be Adjective Subject Be Noun

I am busy I am a student
You are late You are a teacher
We are hungry We are friends
They are sick They are my books

He is very diligent He is a good boy

She is beautiful She is a pretty girl
It is very expensive It is a wild cat
 ENGLISH SENTENCES
(Kalimat B. Inggris)

B. NOMINAL SENTENCES (Kalimat Nominal)

Subject Be Adverbs Subject Be Adverbs

I am here It is 5 o’clock now

You are in the class It is Sunday
We are near the door Today is Sunday
They are on my table

He is at home
She is behind me
It is in my bag
More examples:
I am very tired now.
You are a good student.
We are here every Sunday morning.
They are always late for school.
She is a beautiful teacher.
He is very handsome.
It is on my table now.
Mother is very busy today.
Bandingkan!!!
I am very tired now.
I have a lot of work.
You are a good student.
You always come on time.
He is here every Sunday morning.
He works here.
 Speaking:
Conversation Starters
a. General greetings and inquiries:

How's it going? (This means "How are you?" not "Where are you going?")
How's everything?
How's life?

More expressions for greetings:

Formal greetings: Informal greetings:

Good morning. (until about lunch time, or before 12 a.m. Hi, Susan.
Good afternoon . (12 – 6 p.m.) Morning, Jim.
Good evening. (until about 9 p.m.) Hello.
Good morning, sir/mam/miss/ Mr. …./ Mrs. ….
Initial greetings: Responses for Initial greetings:

How are you? Very well, thank you. How are you?
How is it going? I’m good/ okay/ alright.
How are you doing? Very well, thank you.
How is life? Oh, pretty good.
Not too bad, thanks.
Fine, thanks.
Excellent.

Closing a conversation:
Pre closing a conversation:
Good bye. (formal/ informal)
Ok then ….
Bye-bye; Bye now; See you; Take care.
I’ve got to go now.
See you later. ------- Fine.
So, I’ll see you next week.
See you soon. -------- OK.
I think I’d better be going now.
See you tonight.----- All right.
Well, it’s time for me to leave.
Good night. (after 8 p.m. or retiring to
I think it’s already late at night.
bed)
I must be going home.
*) Good bye, John, and all the best.
*) Good bye, Peter, and good luck.
 b. Asking about present activities:

What's up? (What are you doing now?)

What's happening?

c. Asking and telling about recent events:

What's new? (What interesting has happened since I last saw you?)

Guess what? (I want to tell you something. Ask me about it.)

(The appropriate response to this is "What?")

e.g.
A: Guess what? B: What?
A: I just got a new job. B: Congratulations!
d. Bringing up a serious topic:

Can I talk to you for a minute?
Do you have a minute?
Got a minute?
Can I ask you something?
Do you mind if I ask you something?
I need to talk to you for a minute.
I have to tell you something.
There's something I need to tell you.
There's something I think you should know.
We need to talk.

e. Prefacing a negative subject

I don't mean to be rude, but . . .

I hate to tell you this, but . . .

I don't know how to tell you this, but . . .

You might not like what I have to say, but . . .
I wish I didn't have to tell you this, but . . .
This may be unpleasant, but . . .
This may seem blunt, but . . .
 Rejoinders
Rejoinders are quick responses to show that you are interested or paying attention.

(Oh) Really?
That's interesting.
Is that right?

Note how rejoinders are used in the following situations.

1. I just got a new job. Oh really? That's great!

2. I lost my wallet yesterday. Oh really? That's too bad.

Rejoinders may also take the form of follow-up questions. Note how they are used
in the following situations.

1. I just bought a new car. You did?

2. Johnny is in the hospital. He is?
3. I'm going to Hawaii. You are?