PENGENALAN PSIKOLOGI

PERKEMBANGAN
( PT10403)
SOALAN:
CHAPTER 17:
SOCIOEMOTIONAL DEVELOPMENT
IN MIDDLE ADULTHOOD

DISEDIAKAN OLEH:
CAROL SYLVESTER THARIN (PR20098671C)
 Chapter 17

Socioemotional
Development in
Middle Adulthood
 S o c io e m o tio n a l D e v e lo p m e n t
in M id d le A d u lth o o d

P e r s o n a lity T h e o r ie s a n d S ta b ility a n d C lo s e
D e v e lo p m e n t in M id d le C hange R e la tio n s h ip s
A d u lth o o d
 P e rs o n a lity T h e o rie s a n d
D e v e lo p m e n t in M id d le
A d u lth o o d

A d u lt S ta g e L ife -E v e n ts C o n te x ts
T h e o rie s A p p ro a c h
 ADULT STAGE THEORIES

 Erikson’s “generativity versus stagnation”

 Perenting and leading
 Done nothing

 Levinson’s “seasons of a man’s life”

 Focused on midlife change
Life-Events Approach

 Life events like death of spouse, marriage, and divorce

cause varying degrees of stress

 Mediating factors like physical health and family support

can reduce stress effects and allow more effective coping
strategies

 Weaknesses of life events approach include too much

emphasis on change and what are primary sources of
stress
 Life-stage context

Life event:
Marriage
Widowhood
New job
Accident
Birth of child Adaptation process
Appraisal Coping Adult
development
Mediating of threat strategies change
variables:
Physical health
Intelligence
Personality
Family supports
Income

Sociohistorical context
A Contemporary Life-Events Framework for Interpreting Adult Developmental Change
 Contexts of Midlife
Development
 HistoricalContexts
 Gender Contexts

 Cultural Contexts
 S ta b ility a n d
C hange

L o n g itu d in a l C o n c lu s io n s
S tu d ie s
Longitudinal Studies
 Neugarten’s Kansas City Study
 Costa and McCrae’s Baltimore
Study
 Berkeley Longitudinal Studies

 Helson’s Mills College Study

Neugarten’s Kansas City
Study
 This study looked at individuals 40 to 80
years of age over a 10-year period.
 Subjects were given personality tests,
questionnaires, and were interviewed.
 The most stable were: styles of coping, being
satisfied with life, and being goal-directed.
 As individuals aged, they were found to
become more passive and were more likely to
be threatened by the environment.
 The Baltimore Study
 Costa and McCrae focused on the big five
factors of personality:
 emotional stability
 openness to experience
 extraversion
 agreeableness
 conscientiousness
Berkeley Longitudinal
Studies
 This series of studies is by far the longest-
running longitudinal inquiry, and initially included
more than 500 children and their parents.
 The most stable characteristics -intellectually
oriented, self-confident, or open to new
experiences.
 The characteristics that changed the most
included the extent the individuals were hostile
and whether they had good self-control or not.
Helson’s Mills College
Study
 This study distinguished three main groups
among the women studied:
 family oriented

 career-oriented

 those who followed neither path

 Despite these differences, women in all three

groups experienced some similar psychological
changes over their adult years.
Conclusions
 Humans are adaptive beings.
 We are resilient throughout our adult
lives.
 We do not develop entirely new
personalities.
 Some people change more than others.
 C lo s e
R e la tio n s h ip s

L o ve an d T h e E m p ty P a re n tin g S ib lin g s In te rg e n e ra tio n a l

M a rria g e a t N e s t a n d Its C o n c e p tio n s a n d F rie n d s R e la tio n s h ip s
M id life R e fillin g
Love and Marriage at Midlife
 Affectionate
Love
 Marriage and Divorce
The Empty Nest and Its
Refilling
Siblings and Friends
Parenting Conceptions

Intergenerational
Relationships
THANK YOU