A PAPER PRESENTATION ONON

NUCLEAR FUSION REACTOR

CONTENTS:
 What is Nuclear Power?
Nuclear fision,
Nuclear decay,
Nuclear fusion.
 Nuclear Fusion reactor
 Diagram of Nuclear fusion reactor
 Magnetic confinement reactor
 Inertial confinement reactor
 Any queries
 Thank you
What is Nuclear Power?
 Nuclear power is the use of Nuclear Reactions produce
Electricity.

 Nuclear power can be obtained from;

1. Nuclear Fission
2.Nuclear Fusion,
3.Nucear Decay
What is Nuclear Fission,Nuclear
Fussion,Nuclear Decay?
Nuclear Fission:
In which,a heavy nucleus is bombared by neutrons and
neutrons and thus becomes unstable,which causes it to decompose into
two nuclei with equivalent size and magnitude,with a great detachment of
energy and the emission of two or three neutrons.
Example:Uranium(U-235),Plutonium-239.
NUCLEAR DECAY OR RADIOACTIVE
DECAY:
Nuclear decay occurs when the nucleus of an atom is unstable and
spontaneously emits energy in the form of radiation. The result is that
the nucleus changes into the nucleus of one or more other elements.
There are 4 types of nuclear decay:
1.Alpha decay,
2.Beta decay,
3.Positron emission,
4.Gamma decay
 NUCLEAR FUSION:
Nuclear Fusion is a reaction in which two or more atomic nuclei are
combined to form one or more different atomic nuclei and subatomic
particles (neutrons or protons). The difference in mass between the
reactants and products is manifested as either the release or the
absorption of energy.
In this,process by which nuclear reactions between light elements
form heavier elements.The Interacting nuclei belong to elements with
low atomic number or its isotopes released substantial amounts of
energy releases.
Example:Hydrogen(H),Isotopes of hydrogen Deuterium,Tritium.
Fusion of Helium(He) Helium atom

• The Nuclear Fusion occurs in Helium(He),Isotopes of helium

Deuterium,Tritium, neutron,Energy is released.
The vast energy potential of nuclear fusion was first exploited in
thermonuclear weapons,Hydrogen bombs in second World war.
 Meanwhile,the potential peaceful applications of Nuclear
fusion,especially in view of the essentially limitless supply of fusion
fuel on Earth,have encouraged an immense effort to harness this
process for the production of power.
In stars also,the Nuclear fusion occurs.
The Generation of energy by stars is
due to Nuclear fusion.

Nuclear Fusion at sun

NUCLEAR FUSION REACTOR:

A Device to produce electrical power from the energy released in a

nuclear fusion reaction.
Fusion reactor,also called fusion power plant or thermonuclear
reactor.
It might very well provide a safe,clean,and inexhaustible source of
energy.
TYPES OF NUCLEAR FUSION REACTORS:
There are two types of nuclear fusion reactors:
1.Magnetic Confinement,
2.Inertial Confinement
Magnetic Confinement:
In this,to generate thermonuclear fusion power that uses magnetic fields to confine
fusion fuel in the form of plasma.
In this,the particles and energy of hot plasma are held in place using magnetic field.
A charged paricle in a magnetic field experiences a Lorentz force that is
proportional to the product to the product of the particle’s velocity and the magnetic
field.
It is in Doughnut-shaped toroid in which the magnetic field is curved around to
form closed loop.
DIAGRAM OF MAGNETIC CONFINEMENT REACTOR:
Parts of Magnetic confinement reactor:
• Vaccum vessel:it is ued to hold the the plasma,to keep the reaction chamber in a
vacuum.
• Nuetral beam injector:It’s used to inject the particle beams from the accelerator
into the plasma in order to heat the plasma to ots critical temperature.
• Magentic field coils:Using magnetic fields,the plasma if confined in the
superconducting magnets.
• Central solenoid:It is ued to provide electricity to the magnetic field coils.
• Cooling equioment:It is used to cool down the the magnets.
• Blanket modules:These are used to absorb heat and high energy neutrons from the
fusion reaction.
• Diverters:Used to exhaust the helium products.
WORKING:
The magnetic confinement reactor uses magnets to confine the plasma.
Fusion reactors such as the International Thermonuclear experimental reactor or ITER Use a “tokamok”.
It is a combination of Magnets this make a toroidal field and poloidal field.
The toroidal field has the shape of torus that surrounds the plasma,the poloidal field moves in circles around
the plasma.
This result is a magnetic field that has a similar shape to toroidal plasma it is trying to confine and surrounds
it on all sides.
Whenever the fuel injects into the vessel,fusion occurs.Due to that fusion a plasma is releases.plasma
containing hot gases,temperature,energy also releases.
The magnetic field prevents the particles form coming into contact with reactor walls,slow down its
movement.
Due to the magnetic field ,electric current needs to be induced in the plasma through a central solenoid.
Due to heat realeased in plasma,that’s heat is given to the turbine.
Turbine converts that steam energy into mechanical energy,that’s given to the generator.
INERTIAL CONFINEMENT:
Interial confinement fusion a type of fusion energy that attempts to
initiate nuclear fusion reactions by heating and compressing a fuel,in
the form of a pellet that most often contains a mixture of
deuterium,tritium.
WORKING:

• The laser beam fusion reactor is a strong,spherical chamber of some

radius 2m.
• A small diam. Pellet of solid or liquid D-T fuel is injected into the cavity
when it reaches the centre,several symmetrically located high energy
laser beams are focused simultaneously on the fuel.
• Then the Fusion energy is released.After an interval or
second,another fuel pellet is injected ,and the process is repeated.
• In this reactor,the pellets are heated by laser light.These acts as
miniature hydrogen bomb,exploding and delievering their energy to a
wall and a cooling medium.
ADVANTAGES OF NUCLEAR FUSION
• Clean energy.
• Virtually limitless fuel available.
• No chain reaction. Easier to control or stop than fission. ...
• Little or no nuclear waste. Core remains radioactive for only 100
years. ...
• Very low fuel cost.
DISADVANTAGES OF NUCLEAR FUSION:

• Radiation damage and radioactive waste.

• Nuclear weapons proliferation.
• Additional disadvantages shared by disposal of this radioactive elements to the
land,agricultural,water contained lakes,rivers etc..and also risker to the workers.
ANY QUERIES?
THANK YOU