PERFORMANCE RATING

Performance Rating

 The most important step in the entire

work measurement procedure

 The step most subject to criticism

Standard Performance

 The level of performance attained by a

thoroughly experienced operator
working under customary conditions at
a pace neither too fast or too slow, but
representative of one that can be
maintained throughout the day.
Characteristics of rating system

 Accuracy

 Consistency

 Usability
Rating Procedure

 Time analysts should carefully evaluate

speed, dexterity, false moves, rhythm,
coordination, effectiveness, and other
factors affecting output.

 The performance factor is applied only to

manually performed elements; all machine-
controlled elements are rated 100.
Rating Procedure

 Performance rating should be done before

snapping the stopwatch and looking at the
watch readout.

 Immediately after completing the time study,

the time analyst should advise the operator of
the performance rating to provide the operator
with an opportunity to express his/her opinion
about the fairness of the performance rating.
Rating Assignment

 Overall Rating: For short-cycle (e.g., 15 to

30 min.), repetitive work, apply one rating
to the entire study or an average rating for
each element.

 Individual Rating: For long-cycle (e.g.,

over 30 min.), diversified work, evaluate
the performance of each element.
Rating Methods
Rating Methods

 Speed Rating

 Objective Rating

 Synthetic Rating

 Westinghouse System
Speed Rating

 Performance evaluation method that

only considers the rate of
accomplishment of the worker per unit
time.

 Comparing actual performance to the

standard/normal performance
Suggestion for novice
analyst:
Standards of common tasks
(as suggested by Presgrave)
 Walking at 3 miles per hour (4.83 km/hr),
that is 100 feet (30.5 meters) in 0.38
minutes

 Dealing a deck of 52 cards into four

equal piles closely spaced in 0.50
minutes
 Analyst may begin rating only by 10s,
that is 80, 90, 100, and then eventually
by 5s, and so on.

 Record rating in the R column on the

time study form before snapping and
looking at the watch readout.
 Some companies use a speed rating
technique normalized to 60 percent
standard.

 That is producing 60 minutes of work

every hour.

 A rating of 80 would mean that an

operator was working at a speed of 80/60,
or 133%, which is 33% above normal .
Objective Rating

 Developed by Mundel and Danner

(1994)

 Establishes a single work assignment to

which the pace of all other jobs is
compared.
Objective Rating

 After judgment of pace, a secondary

factor assigned to the job indicates its
relative difficulty.
Factors affecting the
difficulty adjustment
1. Amount of body used
2. Foot pedals
3. Bi-manualness
4. Eye-hand coordination
5. Handling of sensory requirements
6. Weight handled or resistance
encountered
Formula:

R=PxD

Where:
P = pace rating factor
D = Job difficulty adjustment factor
Synthetic Rating

 Establish by Morrow (1946)

 Determines a performance factor for

representative effort elements of the
work cycle by comparing actual
elemental observed times to times
developed through fundamental motion
data.
Formula:

P = Ft/O
Where:
P = performance rating factor
Ft= fundamental motion time
O = observed mean elemental time
for the elements used in Ft
Illustration:
Element No. Observed Element type Fundamental Performance
time (min) Motion time factor
1 0.08 Manual 0.096 123
2 0.15 Manual -- 123
3 0.05 Manual -- 123
4 0.22 Manual 0.278 123
5 1.41 Power-fed -- 100
6 0.07 Manual -- 123
7 0.11 Manual -- 123
8 0.38 Power-fed -- 100
9 0.14 Manual -- 123
10 0.06 Manual -- 123
Westinghouse system

 Developed by Westinghouse Electric

Corporation

 Outlined in detail in Lowry, Maynard,

and Stegemerten (1940)
Westinghouse system

 Considers four factors in evaluating the

performance of the operator: skill,
effort, conditions, and consistency.
Skill

 Lowry defines skill as “proficiency at

following a given method”

 Further relates it to expertise, as

demonstrated by the proper
coordination of mind and hands.

 Skill increases over time

Skill Rating
+0.15 A1 Superskill
+0.13 A2 Superskill
+0.11 B1 Excellent
+0.08 B2 Excellent
+0.06 C1 Good
+0.03 C2 Good
0.00 D Average
-0.05 E1 Fair
-0.10 E2 Fair
-0.16 F1 Poor
-0.22 F2 Poor
Effort

 The system defines effort as a

“demonstration of the will to work
effectively”

 Effort is the representative of the speed

with which skill is applied, and can be
controlled to high degree by the
operator.
Effort Rating
+0.13 A1 Excessive
+0.12 A2 Excessive
+0.10 B1 Excellent
+0.08 B2 Excellent
+0.05 C1 Good
+0.02 C2 Good
0.00 D Average
-0.04 E1 Fair
-0.08 E2 Fair
-0.12 F1 Poor
-0.17 F1 Poor
Conditions

 Working conditions that might affect

the operator in doing his/her work.

 This include temperature, ventilation,

light, and noise.
Rating for Condition
+0.06 A Ideal
+0.04 B Excellent
+0.02 C Good
0.00 D Average
-0.03 F Fair
-0.07 G Poor
Consistency
+0.04 A Perfect
+0.03 B Excellent
+0.01 C Good
0.00 D Average
-0.02 F Fair
-0.04 G Poor
Illustration:

Skill C2 +0.03
Effort C1 +0.05
Conditions D +0.00
ConsistencyE -0.02

Algebraic Sum +0.06

Performance Factor 1.06
END