EXERCISE

•1.  A 7 strand annealed copper conductor, 1.5 km

long has a strand diameter of 0.15 cm. Determine
the resistance of the conductor.

LECTURE 2 – Electrical Resistance

 EXERCISE
Solution:
Using Eq. 2.1 to determine the resistance of a conductor
  it is 𝜌 𝐿
  the diameter is measured in centimeters, 𝑅
As =
preferred to use resistivity Ω-m from table 2.1 𝐴
 

  𝑅 =2.303957271 Ω
Note:
  It is also the resistance of the conductor
at 20

  Note: Table 2.1 is only applicable to

LECTURE 2 – Electrical Resistance

EXERCISE
•2.  A piece of wire of cross-sectional area has a
resistance of 300 Ω. Find the resistance of a wire of
the same length and material if the cross-sectional
area is .

LECTURE 2 – Electrical Resistance

 EXERCISE
Solution:
Using Eq. 2.1 to determine
  𝜌 𝐿
the resistance of a 𝑅 1 𝐴1
=
conductor 𝑅 2 𝜌 𝐿
𝐴2
Condition:
  same length and
  𝐴1
material but the cross
𝑅 = 𝑅1
sectional area changes to 2 () 𝐴2
  2
=300 (
5 )
𝑅2
the
  resistance when the
  𝑅
cross-sectional area is 2 =1 20 Ω

LECTURE 2 – Electrical Resistance

EXERCISE
•3.  A copper wire of unknown length has a resistance
of 0.8 ohm. By successive passes through drawing
dies, the length of the wire is increased to 2 ½ times
its original value. Assuming that resistivity remains
unchanged during the drawing process, determine
the new value of its resistance.

LECTURE 2 – Electrical Resistance

EXERCISE
Solution: By successive passes through drawing dies
Keyword: drawing dies
  𝑹 ∝ 𝑳𝟐
The length changes 𝑅
  but its 2 𝐿 22
= 2
volume remains the 𝑅
same 1 𝐿1
2
  𝐿2
𝑅2 = 𝑅1
( 𝐿1
2 )
 
𝑅 2 =0.8 ¿
the
  new value of resistance
  𝑅2 =5 Ω

LECTURE 2 – Electrical Resistance

EXERCISE
•4.  A 7 strand annealed copper conductor, 1.5 km long
has a strand diameter of 0.15 cm. At what
temperature will the resistance become 3Ω?

LECTURE 2 – Electrical Resistance

 EXERCISE
Solution:

Using Eq. 2.1 to determine the resistance  of a conductor 𝜌 𝐿

𝑅 =
𝐴
As
  the diameter is measured in centimeters, it is
preferred to use resistivity Ω-m from table 2.1
 

  𝑅 20 ℃ = 2.303957271 Ω

 Note: Table 2.1 is only applicable to

LECTURE 2 – Electrical Resistance

 EXERCISE
Using Eq. 2.2 to determine the resistance |𝑇|+ 𝑇 2
 
𝑅2 = 𝑅1
of a conductor involving inferred absolute
temperature
( |𝑇|+ 𝑇 1 )
  3 |− 234.5|+𝑇 2
=
2.303957271 |− 234.5|+ 20
  3
𝑇2= ( 2.303957271 )
(|−234.5|+20 ) −|− 234.5|

 𝑇 2 =96.88635408 ℃

LECTURE 2 – Electrical Resistance

EXERCISE
•5.  A coil has a resistance of 18Ω when its
temperature is 20°C and 20Ω when its temperature is
50°C. Find its temperature rise when its resistance is
21Ω and the surrounding temperature is 15°C.

LECTURE 2 – Electrical Resistance

 EXERCISE
Solution 1:
Using Eq. 2.2 to determine
  the |𝑇|+ 𝑇 2
𝑅2 = 𝑅1
resistance of a conductor
involving inferred absolute
|𝑇|+ 𝑇 1 ( )
  |𝑇 |+𝑇 50℃
temperature 𝑅 50 ℃ = 𝑅 20 ℃
(
|𝑇|+𝑇 2 0 ℃ )
  20 |𝑇|+ 50
=
18 |𝑇|+ 20
20
 
|𝑇 |=
50 − 20 ( 18 ) =250 ℃
20
−1
18
  |𝑇|+𝑇 2 250+𝑇 2
𝑅2 = 𝑅1
(
|𝑇|+𝑇 1 )
; 21=18( )
250+20
Temperature rise from 1521
  𝑇2 =( ) ( 250 +20 ) −|250|=65 ℃
18
𝑇𝑒𝑚𝑝𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑢𝑟𝑒
  𝑟𝑖𝑠𝑒=65℃ −15 ℃ =50 ℃

LECTURE 2 – Electrical Resistance

 EXERCISE
Solution 2:
  𝑅the
Using Eq. 2.3 to determine 𝑇 = 𝑅 0 ( 1+ 𝛼 0 𝑇 )
  𝑅 50 ℃
resistance of a conductor 𝑅 0 ( 1 +𝛼 0 (50 ℃ ) )
=
involving temperature 𝑅 2 0 ℃ 𝑅 0 ( 1 +𝛼 0 (20 ℃ ) )
coefficient of material   20 1 + 𝛼 0 (5 0 ℃ )
=
18 1 + 𝛼 0 (20 ℃ )
 2 0+20(𝛼 0 ( 20 ) )=18+18 𝛼 0 (50)
  20 −18 1
𝛼 0= = 𝑝𝑒𝑟 ℃
18 ( 50 ) − 20 ( 20 ) 250
  𝑅𝑇 ℃ 𝑅 0 ( 1+ 𝛼 0 (𝑇 ))
=
𝑅20℃ 𝑅 0 ( 1 +𝛼 0 (20 ℃ ) )
  1 21 1
Temperature
  21
=
1+
250
(𝑇 )
;𝑇=
18( ) ( )( ( )
1+
250 )
( 20 ) − 1
=65 ℃
rise from 15 1 8 1+ 1 ( 20℃ ) 1
250 ( ) ( 250 )
𝑇𝑒𝑚𝑝𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑢𝑟𝑒
  𝑟𝑖𝑠𝑒=65℃ −15 ℃ =50 ℃

LECTURE 2 – Electrical Resistance

EXERCISE
•6.  The field winding of a series motor has a resistance
of 120 ohms at 15. After running for two hours, the
resistance increase to 140 ohms. If the temperature
coefficient of the winding at 0 is 0.004. Find the new
temperature of the windings.

LECTURE 2 – Electrical Resistance

 EXERCISE
Solution:
Using Eq. 2.3, it is more
  𝑅 𝑇 = 𝑅 0 ( 1+ 𝛼 0 𝑇 )
practical to use because the
temperature coefficient  is𝑅𝑇 ℃ 𝑅 0 ( 1 +𝛼 0 (𝑇 ) )
=
𝑅 15 ℃
given and the type of material 𝑅 0 ( 1+ 𝛼 0 (15 ℃ ) )
is not specified
  1 40 1+(0.004 ) ( 𝑇 )
=
1 20 1 +(0.004 )(15 )
140
 
𝑇=
( 120 )
( 1 + ( 0.004 ) ( 15 ) ) − 1
( 0.004 )

 𝑇 =59.16666667 ℃

LECTURE 2 – Electrical Resistance

EXERCISE
•   A 7 strand aluminum conductor is 1.2 miles long.
7.
Its resistance at 35C is 2. Determine the diameter of
each strand in inches.

LECTURE 2 – Electrical Resistance

EXERCISE
Solution:
Using Eq. 2.2 to determine the
  |𝑇|+ 𝑇 2
𝑅2 = 𝑅1
resistance of a conductor involving
inferred absolute temperature
( |𝑇|+ 𝑇 1 )
  |− 228|+ 35
2= 𝑅 1
( |− 228|+ 20 )
 𝑅 = 𝑅 2
1 20 ℃ =
|− 228|+35
|− 228|+20
  496
𝑅 20 ℃ = Ω
263

LECTURE 2 – Electrical Resistance

 EXERCISE

Using Eq. 2.1 to determine the resistance of a conductor

As
  the diameter is measured in inches, it is 𝜌 𝐿 𝜌 𝐿
 𝑅 = =
preferred to use resistivity Ω-CM/ft from
20 ℃
𝐴 2
𝑑 (7 )
table 2.1
  5280 𝑓𝑡 5280 𝑓𝑡
( 1 𝑚𝑖𝑙𝑒 ) ; 𝑑=
√ ( )
( 17 ) ( 1.2 𝑚𝑖 ) ( 17 ) ( 1.2 𝑚𝑖 )
2 1𝑚𝑖𝑙𝑒
𝑑 =
496 496
(7)(
263 ) ( )
(7 )
263

LECTURE 2 – Electrical Resistance