Conceptual Framework of IE

Research

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Industrial Engineering Research

• Linkage Science, Engineering And Industrial Engineering

• Object And Scope
• Integrated and Systemic Approach

2
Linkage Science, Engineering
And Industrial Engineering

3
Linkage Science, Engineering And
Industrial Engineering

Engineering

Industrial
Science Engineering

4
 Engineering

Science Industrial Eng.

Object :Natural System Artificial System Integrated System

Output :Theory/Knowledge Product/service Value Added
Performance :Truth Benefit Efficiency
Validity : Absolute Relative Contextual
Start : Curiosity Need/Problem Need/Problem
Profession : Scientist Engineer Engineer/Manager

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Science
Prime objective: increase knowledge of natural system

Research
(Scientific Method)
• Formulate Hypothesis
• Execute Experiment
• Analyze Test Result
• Generalize Hypothesis Theory/Law
(New Knowledge)
• Publish the New Knowledge

6
Basic Knowledge And Tool
• Basic knowledge
• Creativity
• Logical Thought
• Physical Phenomena
• Tool
• Analysis
• Synthesis
• Process
• Scientific Method

7
Type of Research

Basic Research Applied Research

• Curiosity • Need/Problem
• Theory/Explanation • Product/Service/Method
• Neutral • Purposive
• PublicDomain • Private Domain

DISCOVERY INVENTION

Conceptual Framework of IE Research 8

Engineering
Prime objective: use the knowledge to design and
develops usable devices, structure and processes
for better human life

Design Process
Identification of Need
Problem Definition
Search
Constraint
Criteria
Alternative Solution
Analysis
Decision
Specification
Communication

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Basic Engineering Process

Input
Symptom/Need Problem (Incl.Outcome)

Analysis(Incld. Experimentation)

Process
Synthesis of Altv. Solution

Decision ( Best Altv.)

Solution, System or

Output
Method
10
Basic Knowledge And Tool

• Basic knowledge
• Mathematics
• Physical Phenomena
• Tool
• Analysis
• Synthesis
• Process
• Design

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Problem

Difference

Expectation Reality
Objective Achievement

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Characteristic Of Engineer

•Solve Problem
•Analyze
•Design System
• Creativity
• Analysis
• Synthesis

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 Engineering Era

Early Modern
Era : Before 1750 - After 1750
Knowledge : *Mathematics - Not Only Mathematics
* Physics * Chemical
* Molecular
* Social Science
Object : Physical - Not Only Physical
* Abstract

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 Relationship of Industrial Engineering to Other Engineering and
Scientific Disciplines

Logic Statistics Quality &

Reliability

Operation Research
Electrical
Mathematics Physics
Engineering Computer & Inf.Sci

Control Theory

Civil Mechanical Industrial

Early Industrial
Engineering Engineering Engineering Engineering
(Scientific
Management)
Military Psychology and Productivity
Engineering Sociology Science
Ergonomics
Early Management
Philosophy Economics
Manufacturing
Engineering
Chemical Physiology
Chemistry
Engineering

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Industrial Engineering ?

Industrial Engineering Is Concerned With the Design,

Improvement, and Installation of Integrated Systems of
People, Material, Information, Equipment, and Energy. It
Draws Upon Specialized Knowledge and Skill in the
Mathematical, Physical, and Social Sciences Together With
the Principles and Methods of Engineering Analysis and
Design to Specify, Predict, and Evaluate the Results to Be
Obtained From Such System

Object Knowledge Skill Result Job

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IE and Its Integrated System

Decision Solution

Action Criteria

Inte-
grated Model
System Data /Information IE
Problem

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Basic Knowledge And Tool
• Basic knowledge
• Mathematics
• Physical Phenomena
• Social Science
• Tool
• Method and Engineering Analysis
• Model
• Process
• Design
• Systemic and Integrated

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Why IE Was Born ?

• As a Result of Industrial Revolution

• Need for Technically Trained People Who Could Plan, Organize,
and Direct the Operations of Large Complex System
• Need to Increase Efficiency and Effectiveness of Operations

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Pioneers Of IE
• Adam SMITH
• Charles BABBAGE
• Eli WHITNEY
• Henry TOWNE
• Frederick W TAYLOR
• Frank B GILBRETH
• Lillian GILBRETH

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Adam Smith

• With The Wealth of Nations

Adam Smith installed himself as
the leading expositor of
economic thought.

Conceptual Framework of IE Research 21

Charles Babbage

He was an English mathematician,

philosopher, inventor and
mechanical engineer who
originated the concept of a
programmable computer.
Considered a "father of the
computer“, Babbage is credited
with inventing the first mechanical
computer that eventually led to
more complex designs.

Conceptual Framework of IE Research 22

Eli Whitney

He was an American inventor best

known for inventing the cotton gin.
This was one of the key inventions
of the Industrial Revolution and
shaped the economy of the
Antebellum South. His invention
made upland short cotton into a
profitable crop, which
strengthened the economic
foundation of slavery in the United
States (regardless of whether
Whitney intended that or not).

Conceptual Framework of IE Research 23

Henry Towne
Towne was one of the first engineers to
see management as a new social role for
engineers and that the development of
management techniques was important
for the development of the engineering
profession. He laid out his ideas about the
management role for the engineer in his
"The Engineer as Economist." He was
elected President of the ASME in 1888,
and his presidential address continued to
address how to improve shop and worker
efficiency. Founder of Yale Lock
Manufacturing

Conceptual Framework of IE Research 24

Frederick Winslow Taylor

• He was an American mechanical

engineer who sought to improve
industrial efficiency. He is
regarded as the father of
scientific management and was
one of the first management
consultants. He was one of the
intellectual leaders of the
Efficiency Movement and his
ideas, broadly conceived, were
highly influential in the
Progressive Era.

Conceptual Framework of IE Research 25

Frank Bunker Gilbreth,Sr & Lillian Gilbreth
Frank Bunker Gilbreth,Sr
• He was an early advocate of scientific
management and a pioneer of
motion study, but is perhaps best
known as the father and central
figure of Cheaper by the Dozen, which
is the story of his family life with his
twelve children, and describe how
they applied their interest in time and
motion study to the organization and
daily activities of such a large family.
Conceptual Framework of IE Research
Lillian Gilbreth
• She was an American psychologist
and industrial engineer. One of the
first working female engineers
holding a Ph.D., she is arguably the
first true industrial/organizational
psychologist. She and her husband
Frank Bunker Gilbreth, Sr. were
efficiency experts who contributed to
the study of industrial engineering in
fields such as motion study and
human factors.
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Frederick Winslow TAYLOR
(1856-1915)

FW Taylor was Influenced by Towne and Wentworth

• 1874 : Machinist Apprentice in the Hydraulic Work
• 1983 : Mechanical Engineer From Stevens Institute and
Work at Midvale Steel Company
• 1881 : Began Study of Metal Cutting
• 1895 : Presented “A Piece Rate System” at ASME Meeting
• 1903 : Presented “ Shop Management”
• 1909 : Presented “ Principle of Scientific Management”

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 Principle of Scientific Management
1. Develop a science for each element of a man’s work, which
replaces the old rule of thumb method
2. Select scientifically and then train, teach, and develop the
workman, whereas previously he chose his own work methods
and trained himself as best as he could
3. Cooperate heartily with the men so as to ensure that all of
the work being done is in accordance with the principles of the
science which has been develop
4. There is almost an equal division of the work and the
responsibility between management and the workmen. The
management takes over all work for which they are better
fitted than the workman.

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Object and Scope of IE

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Object
Integrated System

People/Man
+
Material + Equipment + Information + Energy

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Schematic Representation

Environment
Boundary

Man Machine

Input Out-put
Mat

Feed-back : Interaction

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Integrated System

• What is the special characteristics ?

• What is the components ?
• What is special form ?
• What is Out-put ?
• What is the performance criteria ?

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Knowledge

• Mathematics
• Physics
• Social Sciences

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Skill

• Method of Engineering Analysis

• Design

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Result

• Specify
• Predict
• Evaluate

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Job

• Design
• Installation
• Improvement

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Performance

Efficiency

Effective + Min Cost

Objective
Achievement/Actual

Conceptual Framework of IE Research 37

Contextual

2+2=?

Conceptual Framework of IE Research 38

 Chronology of Development in the
Evolution of IE
Macro View
Micro View
Industrial & System
Operation Research Engineering
Industrial Engineering
Scientific Management

Interchangeable
Part

Time Piece Layout Net- Optimi- Auto- CIM

Accounting Studi Work SQC work zation mation
1494 1750 1890 1900 1915 1929 1941 1958 1980 1990 2000

Industrial World Framework

Conceptual Depres World Space
of IE Research High Globalization
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Revolution War I sion War II Age Technology
 IE Thought

Scientific Adm & Behavior Management Integrated Information

Management Management Science Approach & Global App.

Man-Machine Human and Optimization Integrated Real/Global

System Organization and Modeling System System

Beginning of
End of 18 End of 18 20 Century Mid of 20 End of 20
Century Century Century Century
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 Evolution of Integrated System
Type Components Performance

Work Station Man, Machine Efficiency

Material Productivity
Manufacturing Man, Machine QCD
Material, Info
Enterprise People, Facilities Return ( ROI, ROE,
Material, Info IRR, etc )
Industrial People, Infrastructure Productivity
System Material, Info Competitiveness

Conceptual Framework of IE Research 41

Body of Knowledge

Approach
Systemic & Integrated

Basic
Basic
Industrial
Engineering
Engineering

Basic Sciences

Conceptual Framework of IE Research 42

What Design IE Do ?

Integrated System

Industrial System
(Manufacturing System)

Human Activity Management Control

System System

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What Does IE Do ?

Production Management Corporate

Operations System Services
* Product &Services * Information System *Comprehensive Planning
* Manufacturing Process * Financial &Cost System *Policies & Procedures
* Facilities * Personnel * Performance Measurement
* Work Methods & Standards * Analysis
* Production Planning & Control

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 Systemic and
Integrated Approach

45
Integrated Approach

As integrated system

Systemic Approach

46
Characteristic of Integrated Approach

• Problem : Real
• Model : Valid
• Solution : Feasible
• Decision : Effective
• Action : Implemented

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Basic Knowledge And Tool
• Basic knowledge
• Mathematics
• Physic
• Social Sciences
• Tool
• Model
• Method of Engineering Analysis
• Process
• Design
• Integrated and Systemic Approach

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Systemic Aspect
• Structural Aspect
• Man, Machine, Material
• Functional Aspect
• Man-man, Man-Material, Man-Machine, Feed-back
• Boundary
• Environment
• Stakeholder and Societal
• Objective
• Unitary, pluralist, coercive

Conceptual Framework of IE Research 49

Component of Integrated System

Man
+
Natural System and/or Artificial System
Equipment+Material Machine + Material

Conceptual Framework of IE Research 50

How To Get The Solution?
Problem
Yes
Common Sense? Use&Choose

No
Yes
Model Standard? Formulate

New Alternatives Build New Model Simulation

Solution

Decision
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Model
Representation of System for Special Purposes

Representation Purpose
• Model Iconic - Model Descriptive
• Model Analog - Model Predictive
• Model Symbolic - Model Normative

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Model Building Process

Analyses of System
Modeler •Problem Formulation Real System
•Components Model

Model Formulation

Solution

No
Valid ?

Stop

Conceptual Framework of IE Research 53

Analyses of System

• Formulate the Problem

• Determine Performance Criteria
• Identification of Components Model
• Decision Variable
• Constraints
• Parameter
• Logical Relationship

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Model Formulation

Determine the relationship among performance criteria, variables,

parameters and constraints

Objective function : V = f ( Xi, Yi, Ai )

Constraints : f ( Xi, Yi, Ai ) < Bi

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Solution

• Value of Decision Variable

• Input For Decision Making

Feasible Best Optimal

( Simulation ) ( Heuristic) ( Analytic)

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Decision

Problem

Decision
Criteria

Solution + Judgment

Scientific Art

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Action

How Decision Could Be Implemented ?

Anticipate Managerial Implication

And
Prepare Implementation Plan

Action

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What IE Has To Do?

1. Problem Identification
2. Generate Alternatives
3. Know the Standard Models
4. Decide Performance Criteria
5. Choose the Best Solution
6. Make Decision
7. Anticipate Managerial Implication
8. Action

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