School of CORE Engineering

Course Code : BCE0IT3201 Name: ENG. MECHANICS

Topic: FRICTION

Enrollment Number: 20SOCE1010017

Name: SHUBHAM RAJ
Section: 1 SEM - 2
SUMMITED TO : MR. ALTAF TARIQUE
Program Name:B.Tech(CSE)
 INTRODUCTION
• Friction, force that resists the sliding or rolling of one solid object over another.
Frictional forces, such as the traction needed to walk without slipping, may be
beneficial, but they also present a great measure of opposition to motion.
• Actually, the law which governs it started to form in the 1400s by scientists. However, the
complexity of the interactions makes it hard to characterize the force of friction in
different situations because it needs experiments which we cannot possibly derive from
merely equations or laws.
• In other words, for every general rule about friction, you will find just as many
exceptions. For example, two rough surfaces like sandpaper when rubbed against each
other may have more friction. But, materials polished quite smoothly with their surfaces
cleaned carefully like plates of glass can stick to each other in a strong manner.

Program Name: B.Tech (CORE)

 WHAT IS FRICTION?

• When a body slide or tends to slide on a surface

on which it is resting, a resisting force opposing
the motion is produced at the contact surface.
This resisting force is called friction or friction
force.
 LIMITING FRICTION

The maximum friction force that can be developed at the

contact surface, when body is just on the point of moving
Is called limiting force of friction
 ABOUT FRICTION

Angle of Friction
• The angle between normal reaction (A) and resultant force (R) is called
angle of friction.
• It is also called limiting angle of friction.

Coefficient of friction
• The ratio of limiting friction (F) and normal reaction (N) is called coefficient of
friction.
µ = F/N , where , F = Friction Force
N= Normal Reactions
 TYPES OF FRICTIONS
STATIC FRICTION :- Friction experienced by a body when it is at rest is called static friction . Static
friction is a force that keeps an object at rest. Static friction can be defined The friction
experienced when individuals try to move a stationary object on a surface, without actually
triggering any relative motion between the body and the surface which it is on.

DYNAMIC FRICTION :- Friction experienced by a body when it is motion is called dynamic friction.
Dynamic (or kinetic) friction is friction that opposes the movement of a body which is already in motion.
It’s friction that slows or stops an object from moving. How does friction cause blisters? Static friction
causes blisters because it results in more shear than dynamic friction.It is of the following two types:
(a) Sliding friction - Friction experienced by a body when it slides over another body, is called sliding friction .
(b) Rolling friction - Friction experienced by a body when it rolls over another body is called rolling friction
 X

LAWS OF FRICTION
Initially There are five laws of friction and they are :
• The friction of the moving object is proportional and perpendicular
to the normal force.
• The friction experienced by the object is dependent on the nature of
the surface it is in contact with.
• Friction is independent of the area of contact as long as there is an
area of contact.
• Kinetic friction is independent of velocity.
• The coefficient of static friction is greater than the coefficient of
kinetic friction.
 QUESTIONS
QUESTION 1. A Pull of 50 N inclined at 30° to the horizontal is necessary to
move a wooden block on horizontal table. If coefficient of friction is 0.20, find
the weight of wooden block.
• Solution : P = 50 N , µ = 0.20
Resolve || to plane :
µ = F/N
Where , F = 50 cos 30º
F = 43.30 ; now N =?
0.20 = 43.30/N therefore , N = 216.5 (µ = F/N )
Resolve (perpendicular) to plane
N + 50 sin 30º = W , 216.5 + 25 = W
Hence weight = W = 241.5