GEOGRAP

HY
BASICS
PREPARED BY: JOHN
JORDAN S. CALEBAG
 LEARNING OBJECTIVES
• Define the term cruise
• Define Geography
• Familiarize the Different Continents of the World
• Familiarize the Different Ocean of the World
• Familiarize the Different Seas of the World
CONTINENT -is a large continuous mass of land.
CONTINENTS OF THE WORLD
CONTINENTS OF THE WORLD
Continents together with the islands associated with them
cover about 148 million sq. km or 57 million sq. miles

These big land masses cover about one-fourth of the

Earth’s surface.
 CONTINENTS OF THE WORLD

Continents is composed of countries w/ its own population

except for Antarctica in the South Pole

Central America is not a continent

• It connects the continents of North & South America.
• It includes the islands on the Caribbean region.

Oceania is introduced as a region.

• It includes the states & countries of Micronesia, Melanesia,
Polynesia and other territories and islands.
 ASIA

Is the world’s largest continent.

Covers one-third of the Earth’s land surface.
ASIA
• The most populous landmass on Earth.
• Home to about 60% of the Earth’s population
 EUROPE

• Covers seven percent (7%) of the Earth’s surface. •Less

than one-fourth the size of Asia, but is slightly larger than
the United States.
• Has rich agricultural & industrial resources
 EUROPE

Bounded by the Arctic Ocean on the north; Atlantic Ocean on

the west; Mediterranean Sea & Black Sea on the south; and
by the Ural Mountains on the east
 EUROPE

Almost all COUNTRIES access in Europe have except for a

few like Switzerland, Luxemburg, Austria, Hungary &
Romania
 EUROPE

The Vatican City, on the other hand, is the smallest country in

this continent.
 EUROPE

Although it is the second smallest continent by surface, it is

the third most populous continent after Asia and Africa
 NORTHERN EUROPE

Northern Europe refers to the portion of Europe to the north

of Western Europe, the English Channel, and the Baltic Sea; it
also includes the Baltic republics of Estonia, Latvia, and
Lithuania.
 EASTERN EUROPE

Western Europe is the western part of Europe; it is bounded

by the AtlaConventionally Eastern Europe is the geographical
region east of Germany and west of the Ural Mountains. The
United Nations geoscheme lists ten countries including the
former Eastern bloc countries of Poland, Czechia, and
Slovakia (formerly Czechoslovakia), Hungary, Romania, and
Bulgaria, the former Soviet republics of Belarus and Ukraine,
as well as European Russia.
 SOUTHERN EUROPE

• Southern Europe or Mediterranean Europe refers

to the mainly subtropical southern portion of the
continent.
• The region is bounded by the Mediterranean Sea
in the south.
• There are 13 sovereign countries in Southern
Europe; seven of those states are members of the
European Union.
In 2019 an estimated 152 million people live in
Southern Europe (not including the population of
Southern France and East Thrace.)
SOUTHERN EUROPE
EUROPE: MAJOR CITIES
 NORTH AMERICA

•Third largest continent in the world.

•Extends from the Aleutian Islands in the northwest
to the borders of Panama and Colombia in the south
 NORTH AMERICA

Physical Features of
the continent:
• Frozen wilderness in
the north
• Widespread forest
areas
• Temperate farmlands •
Grassy plains
 GREENLAND

• The world’s largest island.

• Lies at the northeast of the continent.
 NORTH AMERICA
The continent has:
• Numerous lakes
• Rivers
• Canyon

GRAND CANYON MISSISSIPPI RIVER

GREAT LAKES COPPER CANYON

 NORTH AMERICA
The continent has:
• Numerous lakes
• Rivers
• Canyon

GRAND CANYON MISSISSIPPI RIVER

GREAT LAKES COPPER CANYON

 NORTH AMERICA
COUNTRY CAPITAL COUNTRY CAPITAL
Anguilla The Valley Cuba Havana

Antigua And Saint John's Curacao Willemstad

Barbuda
Aruba Oranjestad Dominica Roseau

Bahamas Nassau Dominican Republic Santo Domingo

Barbados Bridgetown El Salvador San Salvador

Belize Belmopan Greenland Nuuk

Bermuda Hamilton Grenada St. George's

British Virgin Islands Road Town Guadeloupe Basse-Terre

Canada Ottawa Guatemala Guatemala City

Cayman Islands George Town Haiti Port-au-Prince

 NORTH AMERICA
COUNTRY CAPITAL COUNTRY CAPITAL
Honduras Tegucigalpa Saint Lucia Castries

Jamaica Kingston Saint Martin Marigot

Martinique Fort-de-France Saint Pierre And Saint-Pierre

Miquelon
Mexico Mexico City
Saint Vincent And Kingstown
The Grenadines
Montserrat Plymouth
Sint Maarten Philipsburg
Nicaragua Managua
Trinidad And Tobago Port of Spain
Panama Panama City
Turks And Caicos Cockburn Town
Puerto Rico San Juan Islands
United States Washington D.C.
Saint Barthélemy Gustavia
United States Virgin Charlotte Amalie
Saint Kitts And Nevis Basseterre
Islands
 SOUTH AMERICA

• Fourth largest continent in the world.

• It extends from the Caribbean Sea down to Antarctica.
• Just so you know… the continent is largely covered by
tropical rainforests and is the habitat of thousands of plants
and animal species.
PERU
 Name  Capital
Argentina Buenos Aires
Bolivia Sucre
Brazil Brasília
Chile Santiago
Colombia Bogotá
Ecuador Quito
Falkland Islands Stanley
French Guiana Cayenne
Guyana Georgetown
Paraguay Asunción
Peru Lima
South Georgia King Edward Point
Suriname Paramaribo
Uruguay Montevideo
Venezuela Caracas
 AFRICA

The second largest continent, covers one third of the

Earth’s land surface.
 AFRICA
COUNTRY CAPITAL COUNTRY CAPITAL
Algeria Algiers Chad N'Djamena

Angola Luanda Comoros Moroni

Benin Porto-Novo
Djibouti Djibouti
Botswana Gaborone
Dr Congo Kinshasa
British Indian Ocean Diego Garcia
Territory Egypt Cairo
Burkina Faso Ouagadougou
Equatorial Guinea Malabo
Burundi Bujumbura
Eritrea Asmara
Cameroon Yaoundé
Ethiopia Addis Ababa
Cape Verde Praia
Gabon Libreville
Central African Bangui
Republic Gambia Banjul
 AFRICA
COUNTRY CAPITAL COUNTRY CAPITAL
Ghana Accra Mali Bamako

Guinea Conakry Mauritania Nouakchott

Mauritius Port Louis

Guinea Bissau Bissau
Mayotte Mamoudzou
Ivory Coast Yamoussoukro

Kenya Nairobi Morocco Rabat

Lesotho Maseru Mozambique Maputo

Liberia Monrovia Namibia Windhoek

Niger Niamey
Libya Tripoli

Madagascar Antananarivo Nigeria Abuja

Malawi Lilongwe Republic Of The Brazzaville

Congo
 AFRICA
COUNTRY CAPITAL COUNTRY CAPITAL
Reunion Saint-Denis Sudan Khartoum

Rwanda Kigali Swaziland Lobamba

Sao Tome And São Tomé Tanzania Dodoma

Principe
Togo Lomé
Senegal Dakar

Seychelles Victoria Tunisia Tunis

Sierra Leone Freetown Uganda Kampala

Somalia Mogadishu Western Sahara El Aaiún

South Africa Pretoria Zambia Lusaka

South Sudan Juba Zimbabwe Harare

 AUSTRALIA

• Capital - Canberra
• The smallest of the seven continents in the world.
• Both a continent and a country.
• Its climate varies from tropical in the north to temperate in
the south.
• Also known as the “Land Down Under”
 OCEANIA
COUNTRY CAPITAL COUNTRY CAPITAL
American Samoa Pago Pago Micronesia Palikir

Australia Canberra Nauru Yaren

New Caledonia Nouméa

Christmas Island Flying Fish Cove
New Zealand Wellington
Cocos (Keeling) West Island
Islands
Niue Alofi
Cook Islands Avarua

Fiji Suva Norfolk Island Kingston

Northern Mariana Saipan

French Polynesia Papeetē Islands

Guam Hagåtña Palau Ngerulmud

Kiribati South Tarawa Papua New Guinea Port Moresby

Marshall Islands Majuro Pitcairn Islands Adamstown

 ANTARCTICA

• Located around the South Pole

• The fifth largest continent in the world
• Larger than Europe or Australia
• No permanent population
OCEANS OF
THE WORLD
 THE WORLD’S OCEANS

• 71% of the Earth’s surface is covered by ocean water.

• The oceans contain 97% of the earth’s water.
• All the oceans and seas are in reality one continuous
body of water.
• 90% of all volcanic activity occurs in the oceans.
 PACIFIC OCEAN

• The Pacific Ocean is the largest of all the oceans.

• The area and volume of the Pacific Ocean are greater than
the Atlantic and Indian combined.
• The Mariana Trench in the Pacific ocean is the deepest point
in the world, reaching a depth of 10,911 metres.
• Its name was given by a Portuguese explorer Ferdinand
Magellan , Mar Pacifico in Portuguese, meaning "peaceful
sea“.
• The International Date Line passes through the Pacific
Ocean .
 PACIFIC OCEAN
• The Pacific Ocean has approximately 1/3rd of the
Earth's surface
• The Pacific ocean is larger than Earth's entire
landmass.
• The Pacific ocean is also the deepest of all the
oceans.
• There are more than 25,000 islands in the Pacific
Ocean, the number being more than count of
islands in the rest four oceans.
• The Great Barrier Reef in Pacific Ocean, is the
longest reef in the world.
 ATLANTIC OCEAN

• Atlantic Ocean is the second largest ocean in the world.

• Of all the world's oceans, Atlantic Ocean is the youngest. It is
believed to have been formed during the Jurassic Period.
• It is one of the busiest sea routes in the Western and Eastern
Hemispheres.
• The name 'Atlantic' is derived from the legendary island of
'Atlantis', as described by Plato - one of the ancient writers.
 ATLANTIC OCEAN
• Atlantic Ocean was the first ocean to be crossed by
ship and airplane.
• The warm Gulf Stream of Atlantic Ocean keeps
harbors in the Northern Europe away from ice,
during winters.
• The name Atlantic comes from the Greek word
Atlantikos which was known in the English
language at the time, as the Sea of Atlas.
• The Atlantic Ocean is the world's saltiest sea
 INDIAN OCEAN

• Indian Ocean, the third largest saline-water body of the

world, derives its name from India
• The only ocean which derives its name from the name of
a country.
• Indian Ocean is the warmest ocean in the world.
• Indian Ocean is known as 'Ratnakara' in the ancient
Sanskrit literature. Ratnakara means 'the maker (creator)
of jewels'.
 INDIAN OCEAN
• its limited marine animal life which is due to higher
water temperature of this ocean.
• Waters in the Indian Ocean have one of the lowest
oxygen content of the world owing to greater
evaporation rate in this ocean
• The world's only closed ocean due to it being land
locked to it's north by the continent of Asia.
• It is about half the size of the Pacific Ocean
• The Indian Ocean is getting 20 cm wider every year
 ARCTIC OCEAN

• The Arctic Ocean is the smallest and shallowest

• It is also the coldest of all the oceans.
• The north pole is situated in the middle of the Arctic
ocean , there is no land on at the north pole, it is a
floating raft of ice.
 ARCTIC OCEAN
• Once called the Frozen Ocean, the Arctic Ocean is
covered with ice (2—14 ft/.6—4 m thick)
throughout the year in most of its central and
western portions.
• The Arctic Ocean is roughly 8% the size of the
Pacific Ocean.
• During winter the Arctic Ocean is almost
completely covered in sea ice.
 SOUTHERN OCEAN

• The Southern Ocean, also known as the Antarctic Ocean or

the Austral Ocean.
• It comprises the southernmost waters of the World Ocean,
generally taken to be south of 60° S latitude and
encircling Antarctica.
• the second-smallest of the five principal oceanic divisions:
smaller than the Pacific, Atlantic, and Indian Oceans but
larger than the Arctic Ocean.
END OF THE
PRESENTATIO
N 62