Automatic Street Light

control using LDR

Contents

 Introduction
 Circuit Diagram
 Hardware Requirement
 Description of Hardware
 Working
 Simulation
 Conclusion
Introduction

Many of the people have a phobia of

darkness, so to assist them in such situation,
we have explained a simple circuit. It will
automatically turn on street light in the way of
LEDs or bulb coupled with relay. Working
this circuit is very much easy and also the
power consumed by the circuit is very low
because of the very few components used in
the circuit.
Components:

 IC CA3140 – 1
 Resistor R1 (10 K) – 1
 Resistor R2 (3300 E) – 1
 Resistor R3 (1 K) – 1
 Variable Resistor VR1 (10 K) – 1
 Capacitor C1 (10uF) – 1
 LDR – 1
 Transistor T1 (BC548) – 1
 Relay-1
 LED-1
Circuit diagram
Description of Hardware :

(1) LDR:

Sensitivity depends
on intensity of light.
Resistance of LDR
decrease
with increase in
intensity of light and
vice-versa.
(2) Resistor:
It is a passive component having two terminals
that are used to manage the current flow in the circuit.
A
current that flows via a resistor is
proportional
directly to the voltage that appeared into resistor.
Two types:

(1) Fixed value resistor

(2) Variable resistor
(3)IC CA3140 :
IC

 The CA 3140 is an operational amplifier can

works on supply voltage 4V to 36V & very

low input current from 10pA to 1mA.
Here, The CA3140 works as a comparator

and gives fast response &high speed.

 (4) Relays

 Relays is an electrically operated switch.

 Current flowing through the coil of the relay
creates a magnetic field which attracts a
lever & changes the switch contacts.
 It has 3-pin,4-pin,5-pin etc…but we have
used 5-pin in our circuit diagram.
 Relay offers easy way for LED to indicate a
voltage is present at Relay coil.
As no input state,
the COM is connected
To NC & when operating
V is applied to relay coil
Gets energized &COM
Is now with NO.
 (5) BC548 Transistor :

It is a general purpose silicon, NPN, bipolar

junction transistor. It is used for amplification &
switching purpose.
Here, for switching purpose it is

biased so that it remains on if

there is signal at its base , other-
wise it is completely off.
Working of Automatic Street Light
Controller Switch Circuit:

 The working of circuit is very much easy to

understand. In this circuit, we used IC
CA3140 which is basically an operational
amplifier. Pins 2 and 3 of these IC are used
to compare the voltage and give us the
output in return i.e. it works as a potential
divider in its inverting and non-inverting
inputs (pins 2 and 3).
Cont.

 In this LDR and VR1 form one potential

divider which is used to provide a variable
voltage at the inverting input (that is 2) and
the second potential divider is built around
non-inverting input (pin 3) with the help of R1
and R2 which will grant half of the supply
voltage to non inverting pin.
Cont.

 As we know property of LDR that during the

time of day resistance is low therefore
voltage at the inverting input ( IE pin 2) is
higher than the voltage at the non-inverting
input (pin3) hence the output at the pin6 is
low so the transistor goes into the cutoff state
which means LED or bulb will not glow.
Cont.

 But in dimness or in night we know that

resistance of LDR is high hence voltage at
inverting input pin 2 of the IC CA3140 decreases
than the non inverting input pin 3 as a result
output pin 6 moves to high state which make
transistor to conduct and the LED or bulb
associated to it start simmering.
PCB mounting
 Advantages:

 No man power required.

 Simple Construction.
 Efficient method.
 Less Consumption of electrical energy.
 Less maintenance.
 Cheap and economical.