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Solar PV
Solar PV
PHOTO-VOLTAIC MODULE
ROLE OF PV MODULE
•PV module converts solar energy into electricity
•Most reliable component in solar PV system (lasts over 20 years)
•PV module consists of solar cells, front glass, frame, terminal box etc.
- Power generation part in PV module is Solar cell.
- Solar cell breaks easily and is sensitive to humidity.
TYPE OF PV MODULE
•Three types of PV module are used for power system generally.
•Crystalline type have been used and proven its reliability
•Efficiency of unit cell is not the matter of concern
– Whatever the cell efficiency, the output of a PV module is rated as Wattage
– Dimension of PV module is larger if low efficiency cells are used
– Amorphous PV module is almost double of size compare to crystalline PV module
•One PV module has 36 series connected cells (for 12V system)
I - V CURVE
1. Modules are rated in Wp. As long as the same Wp are used, output power are same. If low efficient
cells are used, simply the physical dimension (cell area) becomes bigger.
– Mono-crystalline has advantage of its slightly smaller dimension of PV module
– Poly-crystalline has advantage of its slightly lower cost.
2. The rated power is only available at Vmp under Standard Testing Condition (1kW/m2, 25ºC).
– At the site, temperature goes up around 60ºC and irradiance may vary. Roughly 80% of rated power
is expected at the site around noon in sunny day.
– In addition, operating voltage range of battery-based PV system is lower than Vmp. Therefore, rated
power is not available even under STC.
– Maximum power and Power at operation voltage are different !
1. Built-in diodes are Blocking diodes
2. Bypass diodes save series connected string in case a PV module has been damaged
3. Blocking diode is necessary at every PV module