BASIC ELECTRONIC

COMPONENTS AND
APPLIANCES
 DEBATE
Electronic Devices have
done more harm than
good?
Yes/No
What do you Know already about basic
Electronics?
Outline
• Why the need to study
electronics
• Components of electronic
circuits and their symbols
• Functions of each component
• How to construct circuits
• Demonstrations/simulation on
the application of circuits
• Electronic Appliances
• Safe Use of Appliances
 WHAT IS AN ELECTRIC CIRCUIT?

• Electric circuit a path for • devices that use current,

transmitting electric current.
such as lamps, electric
motors, or computers;
• It includes a device that gives and the connecting wires
energy to the charged or transmission lines
particles constituting the
current, such as a battery or a
generator.
 These components can
store electric charge
temporarily. The
components come in
different varieties, with the
most common ones being
electrolytic and ceramic
CAPACITOR disk.
• It breaks the circuit if a fault in
an appliance causes too much
current to flow. This protects the
wiring and the appliance if
something goes wrong.
• The fuse contains a piece of wire
that melts easily. If the current
going through the fuse is too
great, the wire heats up until it
melts and breaks the circuit.
A switch is a device that is
used for making and
breaking of electric current
in a circuit.
It is used to turn on and
turn off daily used
equipment like television,
washing machine, fan, light.
• Connecting wires allow
an electrical current to
travel from one point
on a circuit to another,
because electricity
needs a medium
through which to move.
• A load is an element in • Complex circuits,
the circuit that however, have different
consumes power to loads such as resistors,
perform a particular capacitors, transistors.
function. A light bulb is
the simplest load
• LED stands for Light-Emitting Diode.
It’s a type of diode that emits light
when it has a current flowing
through itself.
• It is commonly used for showing a
state of the electronics. For example
to show that the circuit is powered.
• We can see these components
everywhere! In our laptop, on our
mobile phone, on our camera, in our
car.
• Diodes allow electric current to
flow in a single direction only.
Each diode has two terminals
known as the anode and
cathode. When the anode is
charged with positive voltage
and the cathode with a negative
one, electric current can flow.
Reversing these voltages will
prevent the current from
flowing.
• Like the name suggests, the
device resists the flow of
current.

• Resistors are graded based on

their power ratings (amount of
power they can handle without
exploding)
• Batteries convert chemical
energy to electrical energy. The
two different cells of a battery
are anode (+) and cathode (-)
BASIC ELECTRONIC COMPONENTS
• The flashlight is an example of a
basic electric circuit.
• It contains a source of electrical
energy (the dry cells in the
flashlight), a load (the bulb) that
changes the electrical energy
into a more useful form of
energy (light), and a switch to
control the energy delivered to
the load.
9
Write down 5 electronic devices at your home
and one function of each.
Rules to follow when working with circuits
• Never work on a circuit while power is applied.

• Do not connect power to a circuit until the circuit is finished and

you have carefully checked your work.

• If you smell anything burning, immediately disconnect the power

and examine your circuit to find out what went wrong.

• Keep your work area dry.

Rules to follow when working with circuits
•Always wear safety goggles.
•Be careful around large capacitors; they can continue to hold
voltage long after they are disconnected from power.

•Be especially careful when you solder because a hot soldering iron
can easily burn you.

•Always work in a well-ventilated space.

•Have safety equipment such as a fire extinguisher, a first-aid kit, and
a phone nearby.
Safe use of Electronic Devices
• Avoid water at all times when working with electricity. Never touch or try
repairing any electrical equipment or circuits with wet hands. It increases
the conductivity of electric current.
• Never use equipment with worn-out cords, damaged insulation or broken
plugs.
• Don’t overload a socket.
• Replace old or damaged devices.
• Prevent children from operating electronic devices such as microwave ovens
and Washing Machines