CONSTRUCTION & MATERIALS-III(RAR-302)

TYPES OF WINDOWS AND

VENTILATORS (TIMBER)
APEEJAY SCHOOL OF ARCHITECTURE AND
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PLANNING
 What is a Window??
 A window is an opening in a wall
that allows the passage of light,
sound, and air. The function of
the window is to admit light and
air to the building and to give a
view to the outside.

 It may be defined as the

framework of wood , steel, glass,
aluminum or combination of all
the materials, secured in an wall
opening in the wall.

APEEJAY SCHOOL OF ARCHITECTURE AND

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PLANNING
 PURPOSE OF WINDOWS
 CONTROL LIGHT
 PROVIDES VENTILATION
 REDUCES HEAT LOSS
 KEEP OUT ELEMENT OF
WEATHER
 FRAME A VEIW
 SERVE AS A DECORATIVE
FEATURE

APEEJAY SCHOOL OF ARCHITECTURE AND

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PLANNING
WINDOW consists of two parts:-

1. Window frame
2. Window shutter
Components of Windows
FRAME:- It is an assembly of
horizontal and vertical

Mem`ers, forming an enclosure,to

which the shutters are fixed

SHUTERS:- These are the openable

parts of a door or window.

HEAD:- This` is the top or uppermost

horizontal part of frame
Transom The horizontal member in a
window frame.
Mullion The vertical member in a window
frame.
 WOODEN WINDOWS
• Wood has been the material of choice for
windows for many centuries. It is readily
available, is easily worked on at site, and is a
poor conductor of heat. 
• Its drawback is that it is expands or shrinks
with changes in moisture. This can cause
windows to jam or warp. It can also decay in
the presence of continuous moisture.
• Wood also needs painting or polishing to
maintain its appearance.
While wood was abundantly and cheaply
available till the middle of the twentieth
century, it is now both expensive and difficult
to procure high quality, defect free wood
sections. It is likely that the use of wood in
windows will decrease in the future.
APEEJAY SCHOOL OF ARCHITECTURE AND
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PLANNING
 TYPE OF WINDOWS
There are so many types of windows are available based on their positions,
materials and functioning. Windows are classified as follows.
1. Casement window
2. Sash or glazed window
3. Fixed Window
4. Double-hung window
5. Louvered window
6. Vertically Pivoted window
7. Horizontally Pivoted window
8. Sliding window
9. Corner window
10. Bay window
11. Dormer window
12. Gable Window
13. Sky light
14. Lantern
15. Clerestory window
16. Ventilator
CASEMENT WINDOW

Casement windows are the

widely used and common
windows nowadays. The
shutters are attached to
frame and these can be
opened and closed like
door shutters. Rebates are
provided to the frame to
receive the shutters. The
panels of shutters may be
single or multiple.
Sometimes wired mesh is
provided to stop entering
of fly’s.
CASEMENT WINDOW
Casement Window (Double shutter)
B B

Head (60 x 100 mm)

Top Rail (75 x 30 mm)
Glazing

Wire Mesh
Moulding 12 mm Thk
Stile(75 x 30 mm)

A A’ A A’
Frame (60 x 100 mm)
Hinge 75mm
Bottom Rail(75 x 30 mm)

B’ B’
INSIDE ELEVATION OUTSIDE ELEVATION
CASEMENT WINDOW

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Casement Window
FIXED WINDOWS
 PIVOTED WINDOWS
In this type of window, the shutter is capable of
rotating about a pivot fixed to window frame.
The frame has no rebate.
The shutter can swing horizontally or vertically.

Horizontal pivoted Vertical pivoted

Vertically Pivoted
VERTICALLY PIVOTED WINDOW

Note: Dimensions of
window frame & shutter
are same as Casement
Windows

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Horizontally Pivoted
HORIZONTALLY PIVOTED WINDOW

APEEJAY SCHOOL OF ARCHITECTURE AND PLANNING 20

 Sash Window
A sash is technically the frame that holds
the pieces of the window together as a
single component. As opposed to a
window in which the frame is built into
the wall, the sash makes the glass
independent of the wall and lets it
move.
The sash itself is composed of panels of
glass, individually called lights. The
traditional sash window is made of
multiple square lights held together by a
grid of bars. With modern technologies,
however, it has become more common
to see sash windows with only one pane
of glass rather than smaller panels.
Sash Window
SASH OR GLAZED WINDOW

APEEJAY SCHOOL OF ARCHITECTURE AND PLANNING 23

Sash Window
Bay Window
SPLAYED BAY WINDOW

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SQUARE BAY WINDOW

28
CORNER WINDOW PLAN

• Window has two faces in

perpendicular directions.
CORNER WINDOW PLAN
CORNER WINDOW

31
CORNER + CASEMENT
WINDOW

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 DOUBLE HUNG WINDOWS

A window with two parts

that overlap slightly and
slide up and down inside the
frame. The two parts are not
necessarily the same size.
On double hung windows,
both sashes in the window
frame are operable or move
up and down. On single hung
windows, the top sash is
fixed in place and does not
move, but the bottom sash is
operable
DOUBLE HUNG WINDOWS
 SLIDING WINDOWS

A slider window is typically

composed of two operable sashes
that open and close horizontally on
a track. It’s a good window style
choice when the width of your
opening is longer than its height.
SLIDING WINDOWS

Moving
Window
 LOUVERED WINDOW
• A louver is a window, blind
with horizontal slats that are
angled to admit light and air,
but to keep out rain, direct
sunshine, and noise. The angle
of the slats may be adjustable,
usually in blinds and
windows, or fixed.
FIXED LOUVERED WINDOW

40
OPERATABLE LOUVERED WINDOW
OPERATABLE LOUVERED WINDOW

APEEJAY SCHOOL OF ARCHITECTURE AND PLANNING 42

 VENTILATORS
• Ventilators are small windows, fixed at a greater height than the
window, generally about 30 t0 50 cm below roof level.
90 cm
50 cm

Rail 8cm X 10cm

8cm X 4cm

90 cm
DORMER WINDOW AND GABLE
WINDOW
 DORMER
WINDOW
• A Dormer is a roofed structure,
often containing a window, that
projects vertically beyond the
plane of a pitched roof. It is also
known as rooftop window.
• Dormers are commonly used to
increase the usable space in a
loft and to create window
openings in a roof plane
 Gable Window

• A gable is the generally

triangular portion of a wall
between the edges of
intersecting roof pitches.It is a
vertical window provided in the
gable end of a pitched roof.
• The gable window sits at the
end of a pitched roof on the side
of the house with a flat surface
to allow natural light into the
room. It doesn't require a
protrusion because it is not
placed into the sloping angle of
the roof. It appears like a normal
window set onto the house's
side.
 SKYLIGHT
These are fixed windows on the
sloping roofs.
 Admit natural light and help
distribute light more evenly
throughout the room.
Considered an energy saver
feature.
 The opening for the window
is made by cutting common
rafters. The framework
consist of trimming pieces,
curb frames, bottom rail and
top rail. The opening is
treated with lead flashings to
ensure water proofing.
SKYLIGHT
 LANTERN WINDOW
A roof lantern is a daylighting
architectural element. Architectural
lanterns are atop a larger roof and
provide natural light into the space or
room below.
 CLERE-STOREY WINDOW
• These are provided to
permit light and
ventilation to a room
having more height than
the adjoining rooms or
when the ventilation is
restricted.
• Generally provided near
the top of main roof and
they open above the slab
of adjoining rooms.