Influencing Parameter of Strain

Gauge Behavior

Submitted to:                                                                      Submitted by: 

Dr. Sonika Chauhan                                                          Sneha Sahu     
                                                                                 52313
Contents:
Introduction
Influencing Parameters
Adhesive
Strain Cycle
 Cross-Sensitivity
 Heat Dissipation
 Humidity & Moisture
 Hydrostatic Pressure
 Magnetic Field
 Time
Conclusion
References
 Introduction:
Devices that measures small
changes in dimensions (strain) are
called strain gauge.
A strain gauge is a device whose
electrical resistance varies in
proportion to the amount of strain in
that device.
Several parameters can influence
the behavior of the gauge and affect
its accuracy.
Parameters:
Adhesive
Strain cycle
   Cross-Sensitivity
       Heat Dissipation
       Humidity & Moisture
        Hydrostatic Pressure
        Magnetic Field
 Time
            Adhesive :
Cellulose nitrate, Phonelic
The bondable strain gauges
cement, Epoxy cement,
are attached to the test
Cyanoacrylate Improves mechanical strength.
specimen by some form of
cement, Ceramic cement are
cement or adhesives.
few example of adhesives.

the life of the strain gauge can Good adherence giving shear
Improves bond strength.
be extended to 1 or 2 year. strength of 10.5 to 14 N/mm2.

Minimize moisture
absorption.
 When strain gauge is
subjected to strain
After gauge is cycled
cycles, In first few
five to six times of
cycles, the gauge
recording the strain,
sensing element is
the hysteresis and zero
often cold worked and
shifts reduce to very
hysteresis and zero
normal values.
shift effects are
evident.

Strain Cycle:
After
This strain cycling
thousands/millions of
stabilizes the gauge
cycles, the gauge
and improves the
begins to fail in fatigue
accuracy of the strain
and gives incorrect
gauge.
readings.
 Cross / Transverse sensitivity :    
Transverse sensitivity in a strain gauge refers
to the behavior of the gauge in responding
to strains which are perpendicular to the
primary sensing axis of the gauge. 
Ideally, it is preferred that strain gauges
are completely insensitive to
transverse strains.
Some free-filament wire strain gauges used at
high temperatures have a higher cross-
sensitivity that causes errors in the principal
stress 
     The temperature variation can significantly influence the output of strain gauges.

    When strain gauge  is connected to a Wheatstone bridge or a potentiometer circuit, it

dissipates power in the gauge in the form of heat. 

    Dissipated heat depends upon voltage applied to the gauge and the gauge resistance.

Heat                 P (power dissipated) = V2 /R = I2R  

dissipation:                Where P= power (W),

                           I= gauge current (A),

                          R=gauge resistance, (Ω), 

                          V=voltage across the gauge in volts.

• Gauge size, gauge configuration, material of specimen, type of adhesive, etc. also causes heat dissipation.
 Humidity & Moisture :
v If the wires connecting to the strain gauge to the signal conditioner
are not protected against humidity (bare wire) corrosion can occur.
v  It leads to parasitic resistance ( allows current to flow between the
wires and the substrate to which the strain gauge is glued, or between
the two wires directly, which causes an error ) . 
 If gauges or the bonding adhesive absorbs water, the moisture
decreases the gauge to ground resistance.
 degrades the strength and rigidity of the bond.
 reduces the effectiveness of the adhesive.
 Hydrostatic pressure:
In the stress analysis of pressure vessel & piping system, strain gauges are employed on interior
surface 

where they are exposed to gas & fluid pressure which acts directly on sensing element of gauge.

The normal pressure will produce a small change in resistance of the gauge due to change in
resistivity co-efficient due to pressure. 

The bubbles in the adhesive can not be tolerated because the hydrostatic pressure will force the
sensing element into any void beneath the gauge and erroneous resistance changes will be
recorded.
Magnetic field:
If any electrical equipment near a strain gauge produces relatively
high magnetic fields, then it'll affect output the gauge. 

If the gauge is in motion, it may cut flux lines and current will be
generated, as a result it'll affect gauge output . 

If a gauge fabricated from Isoelastic alloy which

is magnetostrictive (dimensions of the alloy change in relation to
the strength of the magnetic field), it can give significant errors.
 Many times readout period of output from a
strain gauge is very long and we can't
unload specimen to determine the error due
to zero drift.
In this readout period, all strain
Time: gauge behavior influencing factors can
affect the reading.

Now the error developed due to each

factors are considerable.
 Conclusion:
All these factors affect the strain gauge
readings .

To eliminate the effect of these factor up to

some extent-
• To prevent moisture, gauges should be bonded in dry
condition.
• It must be insulated with electrically insulating water
repellent like silicone rubber.
• Avoid placement of strain gauge near magnetic field.
References:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Strain_gauge

https://drive.google.com/file/d/1kDI0hI41dMK_39zGeFLO5
Us6VIFBEWlr/view

https://www.bestech.com.au/blogs/factors-to-consider-while-
selecting-a-strain-gauge/
Thank You