Biotechnology

National University of Technology

Dr. Roohi Aslam
 What is Biotechnology
Biotechnology is defined as the use of living organisms in processes for the manufacture
of useful products or for services.
Plant Biotechnology

Plant biotechnology is a scientific technique that adapts plants for specific purposes by cross-
breeding, extending their growing seasons, adjusting height, color and texture and several other
mechanisms. 
Animal Biotechnology

Animal biotechnology  improves the food we eat - meat, milk and eggs.
Biotechnology can improve an animal’s impact on the environment.

Industrial Biotechnology

Industrial biotechnology utilizes enzymes and micro organisms to produce

bio-based products in the industries such as chemical, detergents, paper and
pulp.

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Plant Biotechnology

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Animal Biotechnology

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Industrial Biotechnology

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BIOLOGICALS TECHNIQUES

• Biological techniques are methods or procedures that are used

to study living things i.e.
• Microscopy
• PCR
• Gel electrophoresis
• Blotting
• Finger printing

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1. MICROSCOPY

Microscopy is the technical field of using microscopes to view

samples and objects that cannot be seen with the unaided eye
(objects that are not within the resolution range of the normal eye).

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 Techniques in Biotechnology

2. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) 

• An in vitro technique for rapidly synthesizing large quantities of a given DNA segment that
involves separating the DNA into its two complementary strands, using DNA polymerase to
synthesize two-stranded DNA from each single strand, and repeating the process

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 Techniques in Biotechnology

3. Gel Electrophoresis 

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 Techniques in Biotechnology
4. Blotting
 A blot, is a method of transferring proteins, DNA or RNA, onto a carrier (for example, a 
nitrocellulose, polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) or nylon membrane).
 In many instances, this is done after a gel electrophoresis, transferring the molecules from
the gel onto the blotting membrane, and other times adding the samples directly onto the
membrane.
 After the blotting, the transferred proteins, DNA or RNA are then visualized by colorant
staining (for example, silver staining of proteins), auto radiograph visualization of
radioactive labelled molecules (performed before the blot), or specific labelling of some
proteins or nucleic acids.
• Southern blot, Western blot, Northern blot

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 Techniques in Biotechnology

5. DNA Finger printing

• DNA-fingerprinting (also called DNA typing or DNA
profiling). It is a technique of determin­ing nucleotide
sequences of certain areas of DNA which are unique
to each individual. Each person has a unique DNA
fingerprint.

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DNA Finger printing

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Thank you very much

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