HEAT CAPACITIES OF

GASES

DR. ANIS NAZIHAH BINTI MAT DAUD

MOLAR HEAT CAPACITY OF
GASES
INTERNAL ENERGY FOR
MONOATOMIC IDEAL GAS
• A monatomic ideal gas is composed of single atoms

U  K tr


K tr  nRT


U nRT

MOLAR HEAT CAPACITY AT
CONSTANT VOLUME
the heat required to raise 1 mol
of the gas by 1°C at constant
volume

Q  nCv T

Q  amount of heat
n  number of mole
C v  molar heat capacity at constant volume (in J mol-1K -1 or J mol -1 o C -1 )
T  T f  Ti  temperature difference (in K or o C)
MOLAR HEAT CAPACITY AT
CONSTANT PRESSURE
the heat required to raise 1 mol
of the gas by 1°C at constant
pressure

Q  nC p T

Q  amount of heat
n  number of mole
C p  molar heat capacity at constant pressure (in J mol -1K -1 or J mol -1 o C -1 )
T  T f  Ti  temperature difference (in K or o C)
MOLAR HEAT CAPACITY FOR
MONOATOMIC GAS
• At constant volume
Q  U  W
  
Q  U f  U i  W f  Wi 

Qv  nRT f  Ti   


Qv 


nR T f  Ti 


Since Q  nC v T f  Ti , 


nC v T f  Ti  


nR T f  Ti 

Cv  R

MOLAR HEAT CAPACITY FOR
MONOATOMIC GAS
• At constant pressure
Q  U  W
  
Q  U f  U i  W f  Wi 

Qp 

 
nR T f  Ti  nR T f  Ti  


Q p  nR T f  Ti




Since Q  nC p T f  Ti , 


nC p T f  Ti  

nR T f  Ti  

Cp  R

INTERNAL ENERGY FOR
DIATOMIC GAS

U  K tr


K tr  nRT


U nRT

INTERNAL ENERGY FOR
DIATOMIC GAS
MOLAR HEAT CAPACITY FOR
DIATOMIC GAS
• At constant volume • At constant pressure
Q  U  W Q  U  W
  
Q  U f  U i  W f  Wi    
Q  U f  U i  W f  Wi 
 
Qv  nRT f  Ti    Qp   
nR T f  Ti  nR T f  Ti  
 
 
Qv 


nR T f  Ti  
Q p  nR T f  Ti




Since Q  nC v T f  Ti ,  
Since Q  nC p T f  Ti , 
 

nC v T f  Ti  


nR T f  Ti  
nC p T f  Ti  

nR T f  Ti  
 
Cv  R Cp  R
 
RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN CV AND
CP
At constant volume, dQ  nC v dT and dW  
dQ  dU  dW
nC v dT  dU  
dU  nC v dT

At constant pressure, dQ  nC p dT , dW  P dV and PV  nRT

dQ  dU  dW
nC p dT  dU  nRdT

Since dU  nC v dT
nC p dT  nC v dT  nRdT
C p  Cv  R
HEAT CAPACITY RATIO
Cp

Cv

  heat capacity ratio

C p  molar heat capacity at constant pressure
C v  molar heat capacity at constant volume

• For monoatomic gas • For diatomic gas

Cp Cp
 
Cv Cv
   
 R  R
   
 
   
 R  R
   
 
 
 
EQUIPARTITION OF ENERGY

The thermal energy of a system of particles is equally divided

among all the possible degrees of freedom.

For a system of N particles at temperature T, the energy stored in each

 
mode (each degree of freedom) is  Nk BT or, in terms of moles,  nRT

Degree of freedom: The number of velocity components needed to

describe the motion of a molecule completely
TYPES OF GAS MOLECULES
EXERCISE

When a quantity of monatomic ideal gas expands at a constant pressure

of 4.50 × 104 Pa, the volume of the gas increases from 2.00 × 10-3 m3 to
7.50 × 10-3 m3 . What is the change in the internal energy of the gas?
(Answer: 371 J)
EXERCISE

Three moles of an ideal monatomic gas expands at a constant pressure of

2.25 atm; the volume of the gas changes from 3.50 × 10-2 m3 to 4.50 ×
10-2 m3. Calculate
•the initial and final temperatures of the gas; (Answer: 320 K, 411 K)
•the amount of work the gas does in expanding; (Answer: 2279 J)
•the amount of heat added to the gas; (Answer: 5674 J)
•The change in internal energy of the gas. (Answer: 3395 J)
EXERCISE

Propane gas (C3H8) behaves like an ideal gas with  = 1.127. Determine
the molar heat capacity at constant volume and the molar heat capacity
at constant pressure. (Answer: 65.5 J mol-1K-1, 73.81 J mol-1K-1)
QUIZ/FORUM

Why does the heat capacity at constant pressure is greater than the heat
capacity at constant volume?