Projection of PLANES

Drawn by A.N.LAKSHMAN RAO M.Tech,

Keshav Memorial Institute of Technology
 A. A rectangular plane of sides 40mm and
25 mm is perpendicular to HP and parallel
to VP. The nearest side being 10 mm
above HP and 20 in front of VP. Draw the
projections of the plane.

• The plane is parallel to VP. True

shape is seen in Front View 10mm
above HP. A straight line is seen in
Top view 20mm in front of VP.
 40 mm
a' d'

25 mm
b' c'
x VP y
10 mm HP
 40 mm
a' d'

25 mm
b' c'
x VP y
10 mm 20 mm HP
a d
(b) (c)
B. Longer side of a rectangular plane of sides
40mm and 25 mm is inclined at 400 with HP.
The plane is perpendicular to HP and
parallel to VP. The nearest corner being 15
mm above HP and 25 in front of VP. Draw
the projections of the plane.

•
 25 mm
40 mm

40°

x VP y
HP
 d'
25 mm
40 mm
c'
a'
15 mm
b'
x VP y
HP
25 mm
a (b) d c
C. Shorter side of a rectangular plane of sides
40mm and 20 mm is inclined at 450 with
VP. The plane is perpendicular to VP and
parallel to HP. The nearest corner being
15 mm above HP and 10 in front of VP.
Draw the projections of the plane.

•
x VP y
20 mm HP
10 mm 45°

40 mm
 15 mm a' b' (d') c'

x VP y
d 20 mm HP
10 mm 45°
c

b
40 mm
D. A pentagon of side 25mm is parallel to VP
and perpendicular to HP. A side is inclined
at 400 to HP. If the nearest corner is 10 mm
above HP and 15 in front of VP draw the
projections.

• Plane is parallel to VP. True shape is seen

in FV above xy.
• The top view is a straight line 15mm below
xy.
 e' d'

25
a' c'
40°
x
b' VP y
10 mm HP
 e' d'

25
a' c'
40°
b' VP y
x HP
15 mm ae b d c
E. The 50mm diameter of a circle is parallel to HP
and perpendicular to VP. If the center is
40mm in front of VP and 15mm above HP.
Draw the projections.
The diameter of the circle is // to HP.

F. A circle of diameter 50mm is parallel to HP and

perpendicular to VP. If the center is 40mm in
front of VP and 15mm above HP. Draw the
projections.
The circle is // to HP.
 15 mm a' b'

x VP y
40 mm HP
40 mm
a b
 H. A pentagon of side 25mm is inclined at 400 with
HP. The side is perpendicular to VP and 15mm above
HP, draw the projections of the plane.

(a')
15 mm b'
(e')
c' d'

x VP y
e HP
a
d
b
c
 d'
(e') '
c
(a') (e')
d' ( a' ) ' 40°
b' c' b

x VP y
e HP
a a
d
b b
c
 d'
( e' )
c'
(a') (e')
d' ( a' ) '
b' c' b

x VP y
e e HP
a a
d
b b
c c
 d'
( e' )
c'
(a') (e')
c' d' ( a' ) '
b' b

x VP y
e e HP
a a
d d
b b
c c
 2nd Method

40°

x VP y
e HP
a
d
b
c
 d'
( e ') '
c
( a ')
40°
b'

x VP y
e HP
a
d
b
c
 d'
( e ') '
c
(a')
40°
b'

x VP y
e HP
a
d
b
c
 d'
( e' ) '
c
( a' )
40°
b' c1'
(e1') d1'
x VP y
e e1 HP
a
d d1
b
c c1
A square plane of size 40mm is resting on HP
A) with one side inclined at 45 degrees with VP.
B) with one side // to VP.
a) A square plane of size 40mm is resting on HP on a corner of its
base with one side inclined at 45 degrees with HP.
b) A square plane of size 40mm is resting on HP on an edge of its
base with one side // VP.
 When a plane is inclined with HP, the angle is formed above xy.
Therefore, we get a straight line in the (VP) above xy.
If we get a straight line above xy, the polygon must be below xy.
Remember for angle Theta straight line is above as shown in figure.
 Projections of Planes
1. A pentagon of side 30mm has a side // to
HP and 15mm above it. It is inclined at an
angle of 40o to HP. If the top view is inclined
at an angle of 30o to VP, draw the
projections of the pentagon.

• Pentagon inclined to both the planes.

• Pentagon inclined at 40o to HP
• Top View inclined at 30o to VP
 (a') b' (e') c' d'
If the edge is resting on HP, then b’
d’
x Should lie on reference line xy.
y
e The Polygon is // to HP. Side
a AB is // to HP at a height of
28mm from HP. (a’) b’ is not a
d point. It is side (edge) of the
polygon, on which it will be
b
inclined. Polygon is not resting
c
on HP.
 d'

'
(e') c

40.0 0°
(a') b' (e') c' '
d' (a') b

x y

c
 d'

'
(e') c

(a') b' (e') c' '

d' (a') b

x y

e e
a
a

d d

b b
c
c
 d'
'
(e') c

'
(a') b' (e') c' d' (a') b

x
y

e P e S

S
a
a

d
e
d d

R
P
b b

c
a
Q c R
c

b
Q
 d' d'

' e'
(e') c c'

(a') b' (e') c' '

d' (a') b a' b'

x y

e e
e d
a
a

30°
d d
a c
b b
b
c
c
 d' d'

' e'
(e') c c'

(a') b' (e') c' '

d' (a') b a' b'

x y

e e
e d
a
a

30.00°
d d
a c
b b
b
c
c
 Projection of Planes
• Auxiliary plane Method.
• The Plane is Parallel to HP and inclined on
an edge at an angle of 40 degrees with
HP.
• The Top view ( or the edge) is inclined at
an angle of 30 degrees with VP.
 (a') b' (e') c'
20 mm
x v p
h p y
28 mm
42 mm
e 66 mm

a 104 mm
50
d
b
c
 b
50
X1 c

42 a

e d
28 mm
66 mm 104 mm
(a') b' (e') c' d'

h p
p
x

v
v p
h p y
28 mm
42 mm e
66 mm
Y1
a
104 mm
50
d

b
c
 b
X1 50 c

42 a
d
28 mm e
66 mm 104 mm
(a') b' (e') c' d'
45°
x y
28 mm
42 mm
e
66 mm
Y1
a 104 mm
50
d

b
c
 X2
50
X1
42

28 mm

66 mm 104 mm
(a') b' (e') c' d'

45°
x y
28 mm
42 mm 30°
e
66 mm
a
104 mm

Y2
50
Y1
d

c
 X2
57 mm

b'

b c' a'
c
X1
a
d' e'
8 mm
d 28 mm
57 mm
28 mm e

vp
8 mm

hp
(a') b' (e') c' d'
v hp p
y
45°
x v p
h p
28 mm
42 mm 30°
e
66 mm
a 104 mm
Y1

Y2
50
d

b
c
 X2
b'

b c' a'
c
X1
a d' e'
d
57 mm
28 mm e

v
hp
p
8 mm
(a') b' (e') c' d'

h p
p

p
v
x
v
h p y
28 mm
42 mm
e 66 mm

a 104 mm

Y2
50
d Y1
b
c
 X2
b'

b c' a'
c
X1
a d' e'
d
57 mm
28 mm e

vp
hp
8 mm
(a') b' (e') c' d'
45°
h p
vp
p
x h p v y
28 mm
42 mm 30°
e
66 mm
a 104 mm

Y2
50
d Y1
b
c
 Projection of a Heptagon
2. The 25mm side of an Heptagon is // to VP
and 28mm from it. The heptagon is
inclined at an angle of 400 with VP; and
the front view ( or the edge) is inclined at
500 to HP. Draw the projections of the
plane.
• A heptagon is inclined at 400 to VP.
• The side is 25mm long and is // to VP and
28 mm from it.
• The front view ( or the edge) is inclined at
300 to HP.
 g'
f'
a'
e'
b'
d'
c'

x
y
28 mm

a (b) g (c) f (d) e

 g' g'
f' f'
a' a'

e' e'
b' b'
d' d'
c' c'

a (b)
a (b) g (c) f e
40°
g (c)

f
e
 g' g'
f' f'

a' a'

e' e'

b' b'

d' d'
c' c'

x y

a (b) g (c) f e
 S
P g' f'
g' g' S
f' f' P
a' e'
a' a'
e' e'
d' R
b' b' b'
d' c'
d' R Q
c' Q c'

x y

e a (b) a b
a (b) g (c) f
g (c) c
g
f f d
e e
 g' P g' S
f' f'
a' a'
e' e'
b' b'
d' d'
c' Q c' R

x y

e a b
a (b) g (c) f
g c
f d
e
 g' P g' S
f' f'
a' a'
e' e'
b' b'
d' d'
c' Q c' R

x y

e a b
a (b) g (c) f
g c
f d
e
 Projection of a Circle

3. A Circle of diameter 100 mm is resting on

a point on its circumference on HP. The
Circle is inclined at 450 with HP and the
top view is inclined at 600 with VP. Draw
the projections of the Circle.

• The Auxiliary Plane method also is shown.

 Dia 100 mm mm

x a' y

a
 3'

1' 1

2' 2

x 3 y

P 1 S
4 5 6 7 8 9
2
S
3
1

3
2
P

R
Q R

Q
 10
11 9
12 8

1 7
2 6
x 3 5 y
4

P S
S

R
Q R

Q
 X1
54

36

29

129.62 mm

45°
x
29
36
54

79.20 mm
104

Y1
122
129.62 mm
 X1

54

36

29

129.62 mm

x y
29
36
54

79.20 mm
104
122
129.62 mm Y1
 X2
X1

54

36

29

129.62 mm

60°
x y
29

Y2
36
54

79.20 mm
104 Y1
122
129.62 mm
 X2
X1

54

36

29

129.62 mm

x y

Y2
29
36
54

79.20 mm
104
122

Y2
129.62 mm
• Projections of Planes Completed