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PIPING
PIPING
FUNDAMENTALS
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PIPING
FUNDAMENTALS
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PIPING
FUNDAMENTALS….
The design, construction, operation, and
maintenance of various piping systems involve :
Understanding of piping fundamentals,
Materials, generic and specific design
considerations
Fabrication and installation
Examinations, testing and inspection
Requirements, in addition to the local, state and
federal regulations
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PIPING
FUNDAMENTALS….
Different types of piping:
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PIPING
FUNDAMENTALS…..
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PIPING
FUNDAMENTALS….
NPS: Nominal pipe size is a dimensionless
designator of pipe size
It indicates standard pipe size
NPS 2 indicates a pipe whose outside diameter is
2.375 in
The NPS 12 and smaller pipe has outside diameter
greater than the size designator (say, 2, 4, 6, . . .)
the outside diameter of NPS 14 and larger pipe is
the same as the size designator in inches
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PIPING
FUNDAMENTALS ….
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PIPING
FUNDAMENTALS ….
It indicates standard pipe size when
followed by the specific size designation
number without a millimeter symbol
For example, DN 50 is the equivalent
designation of NPS 2
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Pipe Wall Thickness
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PIPING CLASSIFICATION
Pressure Tubing:
Pressure-tube applications commonly involve
external heat applications, as in boilers or
superheaters
Pressure tubing is produced to the actual outside
diameter and minimum or average wall thickness
specified by the purchaser
Pressure tubing is usually made from steel
produced by the open-hearth, basic oxygen, or
electric furnace processes.
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PIPE AND TUBE PRODUCTS
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TRAPS
(Steam Traps)
The function of a steam trap is to discharge
condensate from steam piping or steam heating
equipment without permitting live steam to
escape.
Some principal types of steam traps are:
● Float
● Thermostatic
● Thermodynamic
● Inverted bucket
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STRAINERS …
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STRAINERS
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Flange Types
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Flange Facing
Selection of the type of facing depends to a
considerable extent on the nature of the service:
plain face: the simplest of which is the plain
face provided with a ‘‘smooth tool finish.’’ Class
125 cast-iron flanged fittings are provided with
this type of facing.
Plain-face joints with red rubber gaskets have
been found satisfactory for temperatures up to
220F (105C)
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Flange Facing …
The Raised face, the lapped, and the large male-and-
female facings have the same dimensions, which provide
a relatively large contact area. Where metal gaskets are
used with these facings, the gasket area should be
reduced to increase the gasket compression
serrated raised-face joints with graphite-steel-composition
gaskets are commonly used for temperatures up to 750F
(400C).
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VALVES
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VALVES….
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VALVES….
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VALVES….
Plug valves are suitable for the same applications as ball valves and
are also subject to similar temperature limitations.
Plug valves are available with quarter turn action in either lubricated
or non-lubricated designs.
Plug valves are typically utilized in chemical processing applications
In contrasts to the ball valve, the plug valve typically requires higher
operating torques, meaning larger and more expensive automation
packages.
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VALVES….
Butterfly valves are suitable for coarse throttling and other
applications where a tight shutoff is not required.
It is difficult to accomplish a leak-tight seal with a regular
butterfly valve.
Butterfly valves are typically utilized in large line sizes in
chemical services, waste and water treatment applications
and fire protection systems.
They are not suitable as primary block valves for vessels,
tanks, etc. where a tight seal is required, use a high
performance valve or limit the valve to low differential
pressure and low temperature ( 150 2ْ F ) service.
Because low torque requirements permit butterfly valves to
vibrate open, handles with detents should be specified.
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VALVES….
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PIPING MATERIALS
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