• INTRODUCTION

Pressure conduits, carrying water from forebay tank or surge tank to

the power house are termed as penstock. Penstocks are
required to bear maximum water pressure including water
hammer.
They are quite costly and are a very important part of
the water conductor system. As such they should be designed and
installed at the site with utmost care.
TYPES OF PENSTOCKS
According to location – The penstocks may be buried
inside the ground or they can be installed on surface along
the natural terrain.

Buried penstocks – Such penstocks are installed inside a

trench and continuously supported on the soil at the
bottom of the trench.

Exposed penstocks:- They are laid along the profile of the

existing terrain on the hill slope preferably on the ridge of
the hill
COMPONENTS OF PENSTOCK

Anchor block

Drain valve

Air bleed valve

support piers
• SIZING OF PENSTOCK PIPE

• Sizing of penstock pipe means to calculate the diameter and thickness of

penstock pipe by taken head loss ad cost in consideration.

• Calculation of penstock diameter

constraints in determining diameter
i. Cost
ii. Head loss
• A smaller size penstock saves cost of construction
material but the loss of energy due to loss of head takes
place and vice versa. Due to this fact, we need to deduce
optimum diameter which has minimum cost and minimum
loss of energy.
Economical Diameter of Penstock