BRIEF HISTORY OF

PHILOSOPHY
 PRE-PHILOSOPHICAL PERIOD

• People attempted to
explain the origins of
things, event or any
occurrence in nature are
evident in folklores,
myths and legends.
PRE-SOCRATIC PERIOD (Miletians)

• Thales of Miletus
- Father of Philosophy
- first to engage in the inquiry
of searching for causes and
principles of the natural world and
phenomena by observing the
nature.
 Miletians:

• Anaximander • Anaximenes
- universe was formed - air was fundamental
boundless. element of the earth.
• Heraclitus of Ephesus • Xenophanes of Colophon
- there is a single God
- claimed the unity of
-promotes monotheism in
opposites
Greece
 Pythagoras

- Believes that the cosmos

is a structured system
ordered by numbers
- Nature can be quantified
 3 GREATEST PHILOSOPHERS

Socrates Plato Aristotle

- elenchus/Socratic - The Republic (Perfect - Believes that perceptual
method – q&a city) and cognitive faculties of
- Self examination - Discusses social & people are dependable
political philosophy
 MEDIEVAL PERIOD
• Scholasticism – way of
teaching and learning
• Faith ad Reason
• Philosophers used
philosophy as a handmaid
of Theology (study of
religions)
 MODERN PERIOD

• Philosophy is recognized to
be concerned about
problems or issues about
knowledge
• Empiricism and
Rationalism
 CONTEMPORARY PERIOD
• Analytic Tradition • Continental Tradition
- Focus on scientific approach
Bernard Russell – analysis of - Reject scientific approach
meaningfulness of descriptions - Focus on historical approach
George Edward Moore – decomposing
complex into simple constituents
Ludwig Wittgenstein – linguistic analysis