This document reviews the evolution of automotive paint and coating technologies over the last 100 years. It discusses how coatings are formulated to produce durable surfaces while meeting environmental regulations. New water-borne, powder, and UV-cured coatings have been developed as alternatives to solvent-borne coatings to reduce environmental impact. The document also explores using super-hydrophobic coatings to create self-cleaning and water-repellent surfaces on vehicles. Raman spectroscopy techniques are also discussed as a way to analyze automotive paint samples for forensic investigations.
This document reviews the evolution of automotive paint and coating technologies over the last 100 years. It discusses how coatings are formulated to produce durable surfaces while meeting environmental regulations. New water-borne, powder, and UV-cured coatings have been developed as alternatives to solvent-borne coatings to reduce environmental impact. The document also explores using super-hydrophobic coatings to create self-cleaning and water-repellent surfaces on vehicles. Raman spectroscopy techniques are also discussed as a way to analyze automotive paint samples for forensic investigations.
This document reviews the evolution of automotive paint and coating technologies over the last 100 years. It discusses how coatings are formulated to produce durable surfaces while meeting environmental regulations. New water-borne, powder, and UV-cured coatings have been developed as alternatives to solvent-borne coatings to reduce environmental impact. The document also explores using super-hydrophobic coatings to create self-cleaning and water-repellent surfaces on vehicles. Raman spectroscopy techniques are also discussed as a way to analyze automotive paint samples for forensic investigations.
Maria Victoria Chill S. Calumpiano ChE-3 Evolution of the Automotive Body Coating Process—A Review
Automotive coatings and the processes used to coat automobile
surfaces exemplify the avant-garde of technologies that are capable of producing durable surfaces, exceeding customers’ expectations of appearance, maximizing efficiency, and meeting environmental regulations. These accomplishments are rooted in 100 years of experience, trial-and-error approaches, technique and technology advancements, and theoretical assessments. Because of advancements directed at understanding the how, why, when, and where of automobile coatings, the progress in controlling droplets and their deposition attributes, and the development of new technologies and paint chemistries, a comprehensive and up-to-date review of automobile coatings and coating technologies was considered to be of value to industrial practitioners and researchers. Overall, the critical performance factors driving the development and use of advanced automotive coatings and coating technologies are (a) aesthetic characteristics; (b) corrosion protection; (c) mass production; (d) cost and environmental requirements; and (e) appearance and durability. Automotive Coatings Formulation
The automotive coating processes contribute significantly to the
environmental burden compared to other stages of vehicle manufacturing. Efforts are being made to reduce this impact through legislation, resulting in the introduction of new coating formulations and application technologies. Water‐borne, powder and UV‐cured coatings are seen as alternatives to solvent‐borne coatings. Automotive Coatings on Water Repellency
The last ensemble of questions concerns the practical use of water
repellent surfaces. Potentially, the list of applications is impressive: waterproofing of clothes, concrete or paints, anti-rain windshields and window panes, materials of very low friction in water (boat or swimsuits coatings, plastics for microfluidics), etc. The list is even larger when considering the so-called “self-cleaning” properties attributed to these materials. This (today) prevents the use of these materials for paints and other long-term coatings, and rather suggests temporary applications (such as cheap microfluidics devices which can be changed after a few weeks). It also suggests that other solutions might be imagined: for example, considering the issue of contamination as incurable, we could think of treatments making a surface temporarily super- hydrophobic (in the spirit of silicon-based oils which are spread on windshields to improve the mobility of rain drops). Progress in Super-hydrophobic surface Development
Some super-hydrophobic surfaces can cause water and even oils
to roll off leaving little or no residue and carry away any resting surface contamination. With more and more researchers becoming interested in this field there are a greater number of methods reported to produce such surfaces, using simpler and cheaper means to achieve high water-contact angles (WCAs) and low hysteresis (causing roll-off). Forensic Analysis of Automotive Paints by Raman Spectroscopy
The possible contribution of Raman spectroscopy in forensic
science is evaluated, more specifically for the analysis of automotive paint samples. Spectra from paint flakes as well as from cross sections were examined, in order to identify not only the pigments but also binders and extenders in all paint layers. Moreover, the possibility of distinguishing paint samples from different cars was evaluated to assess the use of vibrational spectroscopic techniques in the investigation of a hit-and-run accident. References: • Chaudhery Mustansar Hussain, Deepak Rawtani, Gaurav Pandey, Maithri Tharmavaram, Forensic sampling and sample preparation techniques, Handbook of Analytical Techniques for Forensic Samples, 10.1016/B978-0-12-822300-0.00002-1, (17-35), (2021). • Akafuah, Nelson K., Sadegh Poozesh, Ahmad Salaimeh, Gabriela Patrick, Kevin Lawler, and Kozo Saito. 2016. "Evolution of the Automotive Body Coating Process—A Review" Coatings 6, no. 2: 24. https://doi.org/10.3390/coatings6020024 • Automotive paints and coatings / ed. by Gordon Fettis. - Weinheim ; New York ; Basel ; Cambridge ; Tokyo : VCH, 1995 • C. Neinhuis and W. Barthlott, Ann. Botany, 1997, 79, 667–677 • R. Blossey, Nature Mater., 2003, 2, 301–306 • https://www.researchgate.net/publication/224044912_Progess_in_Superhydrophobic_Surface_De velopment