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Financial Accounting

Business Process Configuration with SAP ERP


By Magal, Boykin, Goodrich, and Prabhakar
© 2017 Epistemy Press, LLC.
Screenshots © 2017, SAP SE.
Agenda

 Financial Accounting Processes Overview


 Enterprise Structure
 Business Rules and Parameters
 Master Data
 Testing

Business
Enterprise Rules and Master
Structure Parameter Data Testing
s

Magal, Boykin, Goodrich, and Prabhakar | Business Processes Configuration with SAP ERP | © Epistemy Press 2017
Accounting Basics

Management Accounting Financial Accounting

• Internal users • External users


• Historical and forward- • Mostly historical data
looking data • Compliance required (e.g.
• No strict compliance GAAP or IFRS)
requirement • Less Flexible
• Flexible

Magal, Boykin, Goodrich, and Prabhakar | Business Processes Configuration with SAP ERP | © Epistemy Press 2017
Financial Accounting Processes

 Recording of value flows ($$) as a result of other processes and transactions


 General Ledger Accounting
 G/L postings for rent, utilities, wages, etc.

 Accounts Payable Accounting


 Part of the procurement process

 Accounts Receivable Accounting


 Part of the fulfillment process

Magal, Boykin, Goodrich, and Prabhakar | Business Processes Configuration with SAP ERP | © Epistemy Press 2017
General Ledger Accounting

 Concerned with recording the financial impact of process steps


 Double-entry accounting is used for every transaction

 There are five types of accounts contained in a Chart of Accounts


 Income statement accounts
 Revenues
 Expenses
 Balance sheet accounts
 Assets
 Liabilities
 Equity

Magal, Boykin, Goodrich, and Prabhakar | Business Processes Configuration with SAP ERP | © Epistemy Press 2017
Income Statement – Revenue and Expenses

Expenses
 Revenue: Money collected from
customers for goods or services sold.
 Expenses: Money paid to vendors for
goods and services purchased.
 Net Income = Revenue – Expenses.
 Temporary accounts
 Closed to retained earnings.
 Ending balance = 0
Revenue

Magal, Boykin, Goodrich, and Prabhakar | Business Processes Configuration with SAP ERP | © Epistemy Press 2017
Balance Sheet – Assets

Liquid assets
 Resources a company owns that have
value.
 Available to meet a company’s financial
obligations. Current assets

 Permanent accounts
 Not closed to another account
 Ending balance = beginning balance for next Fixed assets
year

Inventory accounts

Magal, Boykin, Goodrich, and Prabhakar | Business Processes Configuration with SAP ERP | © Epistemy Press 2017
Balance Sheet – Liabilities

 Liability  Equity: Assets – Liabilities


 Amounts owed to vendors and lenders.
 Retained earnings =
 Revenue – Expenses – Dividends
 Over the life of the enterprise

Liabilities Equity

Magal, Boykin, Goodrich, and Prabhakar | Business Processes Configuration with SAP ERP | © Epistemy Press 2017
General Ledger Accounting

 General Rules
 Assets = Liabilities + Owner’s Equity
 Debits = Credits
 Accounting transactions cannot be deleted, only reversed

Magal, Boykin, Goodrich, and Prabhakar | Business Processes Configuration with SAP ERP | © Epistemy Press 2017
Financial Statements

 There are two primary accounting reports prepared from the General Ledger
 Balance Sheet
 Income Statement
 Also, the statement of cash flows and statement of retained earnings

Magal, Boykin, Goodrich, and Prabhakar | Business Processes Configuration with SAP ERP | © Epistemy Press 2017
Financial Statements – Balance Sheet

 A snapshot of a company’s financial  Assets = Liabilities + Owner’s Equity


position at a point in time.
 The balance sheet includes assets,
liabilities, and owner’s equity.
Global Bike Incorporated
Balance Sheets
For the Years Ending December 31, 20X9 and 20X8

20X9 20X8 20X9 20X8


Assets Liabilities
Current Assets: Current Liabilities:
Cash $ 1,200,000 $ 800,000 Accounts Payable $ 2,220,000 $ 2,180,000
Accounts Receivable $ 450,000 $ 420,000 Accrued wages $ 500,000 $ 500,000
Inventory $ 500,000 $ 400,000 Taxes Payable $ 45,000 $ 45,000
Prepaid Rent $ 15,000 $ 10,000
Total Current Assets $ 2,165,000 $ 1,630,000 Total Current Liabilities $ 2,765,000 $ 2,725,000
Property, Plant and Equipment
Land and Building $ 3,000,000 $ 3,000,000 Notes Payable $ 1,950,000 $ 1,800,000
Equipment $ 1,150,000 $ 1,000,000 Total Liabilities $ 4,715,000 $ 4,525,000
Total PPE $ 4,150,000 $ 4,000,000
Less Accumulated Depreciation $ (1,045,000) $ (1,000,000) Equity
Property, Plant and Equipment, Net $ 3,105,000 $ 3,000,000 Total Equity $ 555,000 $ 105,000
Long Term Investments $ - $ -
Other Assets Total liabilities and equity $ 5,270,000 $ 4,630,000
Total Assets $ 5,270,000 $ 4,630,000

Magal, Boykin, Goodrich, and Prabhakar | Business Processes Configuration with SAP ERP | © Epistemy Press 2017
Financial Statements – Income Statement

 A company’s financial position over a  Net income is the difference between


specified period. revenue and expenses
 Includes the company’s revenue,
expenses, and net income.
Global Bike Incorporated
Income Statement
For the Year Ending December 31, 20X9

Sales Revenues $ 35,500,000


Cost of Good Sold $ 24,555,000
Gross Margin $ 10,945,000
Selling, General and Administrative $ 10,300,000
Depreciation Expense $ 45,000
Other Operating Expense $ -
Net Interest Expense $ -
Pretax Income $ -
Income Tax Expense $ 100,000
Net Income $ 500,000
Dividends $ 50,000

Magal, Boykin, Goodrich, and Prabhakar | Business Processes Configuration with SAP ERP | © Epistemy Press 2017
Financial Statements – Retained Earnings

 Statement of retained earnings summarizes the changes in retained earnings


from one year to another.

Global Bike Incorporated


Statement of Retained Earnings
For the Year Ending December 31, 20X9

Beginning retained earnings, January 1 $ 105,000


Net Income $ 500,000
$ 605,000
Less: Dividends on Common Stock $ 50,000
Ending Retained Earnings, December 31 $ 555,000

Magal, Boykin, Goodrich, and Prabhakar | Business Processes Configuration with SAP ERP | © Epistemy Press 2017
Financial Statements – Cash Flow

 Statement of cash flows: flow of Global Bike Incorporated


cash from operating, financing, Statement of Cash Flows
For the Year Ending December 31, 20X9
and investing activities.
Cash Flow From Operations
Net Income $ 500,000
 Operating activities: increases or Depreciation Expense $ 45,000

decreases in accounts receivable (Increase)/Decrease in Accounts Receivable


(Increase)/Decrease in Prepaid Rent
$
$
(30,000)
(5,000)
and accounts payable. Increase/(Decrease) in Accounts Payable $ 40,000
(Increase)/Decrease in Inventory $ (100,000)
Net Cash From Operations $ 450,000
 Investing activities: Cash Flow From Investing
Equipment $ (150,000)
 loans to customers and vendors Net Cash From Investing $ (150,000)
Cash Flow From Financing
 selling or purchasing assets such Notes Payable $ 150,000
as marketable securities, property, Dividends on Common Stock $ (50,000)
Net Cash From Financing $ 100,000
and buildings.
Net Cash Flow for Year Ending 12/31/20X9 $ 400,000

 Financing activities: cash coming Beginning Cash Balance 12/31/20X8 $ 800,000


in from investors as well as cash Add/(Subtract) Net Cash Flow for Year Ending 12/31/20X9
Ending Cash Balance 12/31/20X9
$
$
400,000
1,200,000
going out to stockholders

Magal, Boykin, Goodrich, and Prabhakar | Business Processes Configuration with SAP ERP | © Epistemy Press 2017
Sub-ledger and Reconciliation Accounts

 Reconciliation Accounts  Subsidiary Ledgers


 Are general ledger accounts  Are not part of the general ledger.
 Cannot be posted to directly  Used to separate accounting for
 Maintain the sum of the postings in sub- customers, vendors, and assets
ledgers
 Are specified in the definition of the sub-
ledger

Sub ledger Reconciliation


account account
Customer Accounts
Receivable
Vendor Accounts
Payable
Asset (specific) Assets

Magal, Boykin, Goodrich, and Prabhakar | Business Processes Configuration with SAP ERP | © Epistemy Press 2017
Accounts Receivable Accounting

A/R subledger accounts


Customer 1  Concerned with customers
1 Sell to customer 1
1 5,000 5,000 3  Involves sub-ledger accounts:
2 Sell to customer 2 customer master

3 Payment to customer 1  Involves reconciliations


Customer 2
accounts: Accounts receivable
4 Payment to customer 2
2 3,000 3,000 4 – reconciliation

General ledger accounts

Accounts receivable
Sales revenue Bank
reconciliation
600000 100000
110100

8,000 8,000 5,000 1 3 5,000

3,000 2 4 3,000

Magal, Boykin, Goodrich, and Prabhakar | Business Processes Configuration with SAP ERP | © Epistemy Press 2017
Accounts Payable Accounting

A/P subledger accounts


Vendor1  Concerned with vendors
1 Purchase from vendor 1
3 2,000 2,000 1  Involve sub-ledgers to track
2 Purchase from vendor 2 money owed to individual
vendors: vendor master
3 Payment to vendor 1
Vendor 2
 Involve reconciliation
4 Payment to vendor 2
4 1,000 1,000 2 accounts: Accounts payable-
reconciliation

General ledger accounts

Accounts payable
reconciliation Supplies Expense Bank
300700 740000 100000

3,000 3,000 1 2,000 2,000 3

2 1,000 1,000 4

Magal, Boykin, Goodrich, and Prabhakar | Business Processes Configuration with SAP ERP | © Epistemy Press 2017
Agenda

  Financial Accounting Processes Overview


 Enterprise Structure
 Business Rules and Parameters
 Master Data
 Testing

Magal, Boykin, Goodrich, and Prabhakar | Business Processes Configuration with SAP ERP | © Epistemy Press 2017
Enterprise Structure

 Client
 Company code
 Chart of accounts**

Magal, Boykin, Goodrich, and Prabhakar | Business Processes Configuration with SAP ERP | © Epistemy Press 2017
Company Code

 Used to represent a legal entity


 Key organizational level for financial Client
Enterprise
accounting
 Books are maintained at the company
code level US00
Company Code DE00
 US00 (United States) and DE00
(Germany)
 Financial statements are generated for
company codes
 GBI work will have students create their Client
Enterprise

own company code similar to US00 and


the bottom figure
US00
Company Code US##

Magal, Boykin, Goodrich, and Prabhakar | Business Processes Configuration with SAP ERP | © Epistemy Press 2017
Company Code

Configuration Steps Demo – Company Code

 Define company code (I.1.1)


 Navigation: SAP Customizing Implementation Guide ►
Enterprise Structure ► Definition ► Financial Accounting ►
Edit, Copy, Delete, Check Company Code

Magal, Boykin, Goodrich, and Prabhakar | Business Processes Configuration with SAP ERP | © Epistemy Press 2017
Tax Jurisdiction Code

Configuration Steps Demo –


 Tax Jurisdiction code
 Navigation: SAP Customizing Implementation Guide ► Financial
 Identifies the tax authorities in accounting ► global settings ► Tax on sales and purchases ► Basic
settings ► Check calculation procedure
the country that receive the tax
payment
 Based on the location to which
goods are shipped
 Determines the procedure to
use to calculate taxes.

 Create jurisdiction (procedure)


 Define jurisdictions
 Assign procedure to country
 Available across the client

Magal, Boykin, Goodrich, and Prabhakar | Business Processes Configuration with SAP ERP | © Epistemy Press 2017
Chart of Accounts

 An orderly definition of accounts in the general ledger


 Three types of chart of accounts:
COA: CANA COA: INT COA: GKR
 Operative COA
 Country-specific COA
 Group COA
GBI US GBI DE
 Multiple charts of accounts exist
 US (CAUS) , Germany (GKR), Canada (CANA)
 Country specific to meet reporting requirements

 One COA can be used by multiple company codes


 A company must use at least one chart of account
 Can use more than one chart of account to create alternate ledgers

Magal, Boykin, Goodrich, and Prabhakar | Business Processes Configuration with SAP ERP | © Epistemy Press 2017
Chart of Accounts

 Code
 Description
 Language
 Length of account #
 Controlling integration
 Creation of cost elements

Configuration Steps Demo – Empty Chart of Accounts

 Define empty chart of accounts (I.1.3)


 Navigation: SAP Customizing Implementation Guide ► Financial Accounting (New) ►
General Ledger Accounting (New) ► Master Data ► G/L Accounts ► Preparations ► Edit
Chart of Accounts List 

Magal, Boykin, Goodrich, and Prabhakar | Business Processes Configuration with SAP ERP | © Epistemy Press 2017
Agenda

  Financial Accounting Processes Overview


  Enterprise Structure
 Business Rules and Parameters
 Master Data
 Testing

Magal, Boykin, Goodrich, and Prabhakar | Business Processes Configuration with SAP ERP | © Epistemy Press 2017
Business Rules and Parameters

 Posting periods (Fiscal Year Variants and Posting Period Variants)


 Field status (for master data and transactions data)
 Global company code parameters
 Number ranges (Document types)
 Tolerance groups
 Company code for payment transactions
 Posting keys
 Automatic account determination

Magal, Boykin, Goodrich, and Prabhakar | Business Processes Configuration with SAP ERP | © Epistemy Press 2017
Posting Periods

 Fiscal year = financial year


 January – December
 July – June
 Fiscal periods
 Months, quarters, weeks
 Open periods
 Posting is not permitted in all periods
 Typically current period and possibly previous period
 Special periods
 Additional periods for adjusting accounting entries
 Fiscal Year Variant (FSV)
 Specifies the start and end of the fiscal year and the number of fiscal periods
 Must be assigned to a company code

Magal, Boykin, Goodrich, and Prabhakar | Business Processes Configuration with SAP ERP | © Epistemy Press 2017
Fiscal Year Variants

Fiscal year = calendar year

Identifier

Valid for a Number of


specific year Number of special periods
normal periods
Configuration Steps Demo – Review fiscal year variants

 Navigation: SAP Customizing Implementation Guide ► Financial Accounting ►


Financial Accounting Global Settings ► Ledgers ► Fiscal Year and Posting
Periods ► Maintain Fiscal Year Variant

Magal, Boykin, Goodrich, and Prabhakar | Business Processes Configuration with SAP ERP | © Epistemy Press 2017
Posting Period Variants - Define

 Identifies periods available for posting


 Define PPV
 Must be assigned to company code
 Define time intervals
 Initialize posting period
 Close posting period (period-end closing)

Configuration Steps Demo – Define Posting Period Variant

 Navigation: SAP Customizing Implementation Guide ► Financial Accounting ►


Financial Accounting Global Settings ► Ledgers ► Fiscal Year and Posting
Periods ► Define Variants for Open Posting Period

Magal, Boykin, Goodrich, and Prabhakar | Business Processes Configuration with SAP ERP | © Epistemy Press 2017
Posting Period Variant – Time Intervals

 Periods available for posting

Account Types
• A: assets
• D: customer
• K: vendor
• M: materials
• S: general ledger

Configuration Steps Demo – Define PPV Time Intervals

 Navigation: SAP Customizing Implementation Guide ► Financial Accounting ►


Financial Accounting Global Settings ► Ledgers ► Fiscal Year and Posting
Periods ► Posting Periods ► Open and Close Posting Periods

Magal, Boykin, Goodrich, and Prabhakar | Business Processes Configuration with SAP ERP | © Epistemy Press 2017
Field Status

 When master data and transaction data are created, data are provided to the
system via fields on the screens.
 Data in some fields are required while data in other are optional.
 Whether data are required or optional is determined by the field status.
 Field status for master data – general ledger accounts
 Field status for transactions

Magal, Boykin, Goodrich, and Prabhakar | Business Processes Configuration with SAP ERP | © Epistemy Press 2017
Field Status – G/L Accounts

 The general ledger includes a number of different types of accounts, such as


inventory accounts and expense accounts.
 Each type of account requires different types of data defined via fields.
 However, not all fields are necessary to define every account.

Magal, Boykin, Goodrich, and Prabhakar | Business Processes Configuration with SAP ERP | © Epistemy Press 2017
Bank Account vs. Receivables Account

• Open item management and valuation group, are included in the definition of
a bank account, but not accounts receivable account.
• Reconciliation account for account type is included in the definition of the
accounts receivable account, but not bank account.
• It is necessary to specify which fields are required and which are not.

Magal, Boykin, Goodrich, and Prabhakar | Business Processes Configuration with SAP ERP | © Epistemy Press 2017
Field Status – Master Data

 Large number of possible fields to accommodate different


Chart of accounts types of accounts across a wide range of industries
 Not very efficient to specify the necessary fields for every
Account groups account separately
 Accounts which have similar purpose (e.g., all inventory
accounts) will likely include the same fields
 Account groups group together accounts with similar
characteristics
 Account groups are created for a specific chart of accounts
 A chart of account can include multiple account groups

Magal, Boykin, Goodrich, and Prabhakar | Business Processes Configuration with SAP ERP | © Epistemy Press 2017
Account Groups

 Range of account numbers is overlapping

Chart of accounts

Account groups

Configuration Steps Demo – Define PPV Time Intervals

 Navigation: SAP Customizing Implementation Guide ► Financial Accounting ►


General Ledger Accounting ► Master Data ► G/L Accounts ► Preparations ►
Define Account Group

Magal, Boykin, Goodrich, and Prabhakar | Business Processes Configuration with SAP ERP | © Epistemy Press 2017
Account Groups and Field Groups

Account group

Chart of accounts

Account groups
Field groups

Field groups

Configuration Steps Demo – Define Field Status

 Navigation: SAP Customizing Implementation Guide ► Financial Accounting ►


General Ledger Accounting ►Master Data ► G/L Accounts ► Preparations ►
Define Account Group
 Select Account Group ► Click Field Status ► Double Click Field Group

Magal, Boykin, Goodrich, and Prabhakar | Business Processes Configuration with SAP ERP | © Epistemy Press 2017
Field Groups, Fields, and Field Status

Chart of accounts
Account group
Account groups
Field status
Field group Field groups

Fields

Fields Field status

Remember
this!!

Magal, Boykin, Goodrich, and Prabhakar | Business Processes Configuration with SAP ERP | © Epistemy Press 2017
Field Groups, Fields, and Field Status

Chart of accounts
Account group
Account groups
Field status
Field group Field groups

Fields

Fields Field status

Magal, Boykin, Goodrich, and Prabhakar | Business Processes Configuration with SAP ERP | © Epistemy Press 2017
GBI chart of account, account groups, field
groups, and fields

Assigned to G/L accounts

Magal, Boykin, Goodrich, and Prabhakar | Business Processes Configuration with SAP ERP | © Epistemy Press 2017
Assign Account Group to G/L Account

Chart of accounts
Assign to
Account groups G/L account

Field groups

Fields

Field status

Magal, Boykin, Goodrich, and Prabhakar | Business Processes Configuration with SAP ERP | © Epistemy Press 2017
Assign Account Group to G/L Account

 Account group is
assigned to G/L account
in the Type/Description
tab
 G/L account inherits the
field statuses from the
account group
 G/L account number
must be in the range of
numbers for the account
groups

Configuration Steps Demo – Assign Account Group to G/L Account

 Navigation: Easy Access Menu ► Accounting ► Financial Accounting ►


General Ledger ► Master Records ► G/L Accounts ► Individual
Processing ► Centrally
 Select Trade Accounts Receivable; go to Type/Description tab

Magal, Boykin, Goodrich, and Prabhakar | Business Processes Configuration with SAP ERP | © Epistemy Press 2017
Field Status – Transactions

 Data needed to execute transactions are entered into fields.


 Different transactions need different data (fields)
 Need to define field status for transactions!

Magal, Boykin, Goodrich, and Prabhakar | Business Processes Configuration with SAP ERP | © Epistemy Press 2017
Transaction – Posting Customer Payment

 Customer payment
transactions
 If down payment is
required, then data about
down payment must be
included when posting
invoice
 Down payment is recorded
in a special G/L account
 This field is required

Magal, Boykin, Goodrich, and Prabhakar | Business Processes Configuration with SAP ERP | © Epistemy Press 2017
Field Status for Transactions

Field status for transactions


Field status variant Company code FSV assigned to company

FSG and account group


Field status groups G/L account
assigned to G/L accounts

Field groups
Field status for master data
Fields Chart of accounts
Assign to
Field status Account groups G/L account

Field groups

Fields

Field status

Magal, Boykin, Goodrich, and Prabhakar | Business Processes Configuration with SAP ERP | © Epistemy Press 2017
Field Status Variant and Field Status Group

Configuration Steps Demo – Define Field Status for Transactions

 Navigation: SAP Customizing Implementation Guide ► Financial Accounting ►


Financial Accounting Global Settings ► Ledgers ► Fields ►Define Field Status
Variants
 Create / Copy Field Status Groups (in exercise we copy)
 Select variant and double click field status group

Magal, Boykin, Goodrich, and Prabhakar | Business Processes Configuration with SAP ERP | © Epistemy Press 2017
Field Status Group and Field Groups

Field status group

Field groups for transactions


are different from field groups
for G/L accounts

Field groups

Configuration Steps Demo – Define Field Status for Transactions

 Continued from previous demo


 Double click field group

Magal, Boykin, Goodrich, and Prabhakar | Business Processes Configuration with SAP ERP | © Epistemy Press 2017
Field Group and Field Status

Field status choices for


transactions are different from
choices for G/L accounts

Configuration Steps Demo – Define Field Status for Transactions

 Continued from previous demo


 Specify field status

Magal, Boykin, Goodrich, and Prabhakar | Business Processes Configuration with SAP ERP | © Epistemy Press 2017
Field Status for Transactions

Assigned to company code

Assigned to G/L accounts

Magal, Boykin, Goodrich, and Prabhakar | Business Processes Configuration with SAP ERP | © Epistemy Press 2017
Assign Field Status Group to G/L account

 FSV must be assigned to


company code – makes
FSG available to
transactions in that
company code
 FSG assigned to G/L
account in the Create/…
tab
 G/L account inherits the
field statuses from the FSG

Configuration Steps Demo – Assign Account Group to G/L Account

 Navigation: Easy Access Menu ► Accounting ► Financial Accounting ►


General Ledger ► Master Records ► G/L Accounts ► Individual
Processing ► Centrally
 Select Trade Accounts Receivable; go to Create/Bank/Interest tab

Magal, Boykin, Goodrich, and Prabhakar | Business Processes Configuration with SAP ERP | © Epistemy Press 2017
Global Company Code Parameters

 Enterprise structure
elements assigned to
company code
 Chart of accounts

 Parameters assigned to
the company code
 Country
 Language
 Field status variant
 Fiscal year variant
 Posting period variant.

 Additional parameters are


also assigned

Magal, Boykin, Goodrich, and Prabhakar | Business Processes Configuration with SAP ERP | © Epistemy Press 2017
Number ranges

 Recall document types: FI, CO, MM,


Transactions (Focus now on FI
documents)

 Documents have document numbers


based on defined number ranges

 Numerous number range intervals are


defined
 Interval number (49)
 Fiscal year valid for
 9999 = not year specific
 From # and To #
 NR Status # (last used)
 Year + number range is unique
Configuration Steps Demo – Number ranges

 Navigation: SAP Customizing Implementation Guide ► Financial Accounting (New)


► Financial Accounting Global Settings (New) ► Document ► Document Number
Ranges ► Define Document Number Ranges for Entry View
 Enter company code and select display

Magal, Boykin, Goodrich, and Prabhakar | Business Processes Configuration with SAP ERP | © Epistemy Press 2017
Document Types

 Different FI document types are


associated with different
transactions
 DR: Customer invoice
 DZ: Customer payment
 KR: Vendor invoice
 KZ: Vendor payment

Configuration Steps Demo – Document types

 Navigation: SAP Customizing Implementation Guide ► Financial Accounting (New)


► Financial Accounting Global Settings (New) ► Document ► Document Types ►
Define Document Types for Entry View
 Select customer invoice and display details

Magal, Boykin, Goodrich, and Prabhakar | Business Processes Configuration with SAP ERP | © Epistemy Press 2017
Document Type and Number Range

 Account type that can be posted to  Example: DR: Customer invoice


when the document is generated  Permitted accounts A, D, M, S
 Assets, customer, vendor, materials,  Number range 18
general ledger (What is 18?)
 The number range for the document
type.

Magal, Boykin, Goodrich, and Prabhakar | Business Processes Configuration with SAP ERP | © Epistemy Press 2017
Tolerance Groups (Employees)

 Limits on amounts that an employee can post in financial accounting.


 Extent of payment differences that are permitted in employee postings
 Customer tolerances (fulfillment), Vendor tolerances (procurement)

Upper limits

Configuration Steps Demo – Define Field Status for Transactions


Limits on payment differences
 Navigation: SAP Customizing Implementation Guide ► Financial Accounting (New)
► Financial Accounting Global Settings (New) ► Document ► Tolerance Groups ►
Define Tolerance Groups for Employees

Magal, Boykin, Goodrich, and Prabhakar | Business Processes Configuration with SAP ERP | © Epistemy Press 2017
Company code for payment transactions

 Sending company:
Company code that
receives and processes
vendor invoices
 Paying company code:
Company code that pays
the invoices.
 GBI: sending company
code = paying company
code

Configuration Steps Demo


Navigation: SAP Customizing Implementation Guide ► Financial Accounting (New) ►
Accounts Receivable and Accounts Payable ► Business Transactions ► Outgoing
Payments ► Automatic Outgoing Payments ► Payment Method/Bank Selection for
Payment Program ► Setup Company Codes for Payment Transactions

Magal, Boykin, Goodrich, and Prabhakar | Business Processes Configuration with SAP ERP | © Epistemy Press 2017
Posting keys

 Control entry of in FI transactions


 Debit or credit
 Account type
 Screen layout
 Fields displayed on transaction
screens
 Field status in transaction
screens
 Other attributes

 Defined at the client level!

Configuration Steps Demo

 Navigation: SAP Customizing Implementation Guide ► Financial Accounting (New)


► Financial Accounting Global Settings (New) ► Document ► Define Posting Keys
 Enter company code and select display

Magal, Boykin, Goodrich, and Prabhakar | Business Processes Configuration with SAP ERP | © Epistemy Press 2017
Posting Keys

 Other attributes
 Sales related – included in
calculations of sales
revenue
 Special G/L (down
payments)
 Payment transactions –
selected for payment
transactions such as
incoming and outgoing
payments (automatic terms
determination)
 Reversal posting key
 Field status for fields on
transaction screen

Magal, Boykin, Goodrich, and Prabhakar | Business Processes Configuration with SAP ERP | © Epistemy Press 2017
Posting Keys, Document Type, and FSG

 Document type determines what account


Account
Account type
type Document
Document type
type
type can be used. So, posting key can
Debit
Debit of
of credit
credit only be used for allowed account types
for the document type (e.g.. 01)
Screen
Screen layout
layout
 Conflict results in error
Posting
Posting key
key Field
Field status
status Field
Field status
status group
group  Field status is also determined by the
field status group associated with the G/L
Sales
Sales related
related
account)
Special
Special G/L
G/L  Conflict resolution based on priority

Payment
Payment transaction
transaction
 suppressed, required, optional or
display

Field status conflict resolution


Posting Key definition Suppressed / Required Suppressed / Optional Required / Optional
Field status group Required / Suppressed Optional / Suppressed Optional / Required
definition
Result of conflict Error Suppressed Required

Magal, Boykin, Goodrich, and Prabhakar | Business Processes Configuration with SAP ERP | © Epistemy Press 2017
Automatic Account Assignment

 Automatic account assignment is a powerful tool that enables accounting to


happen behind the scenes as business events happen. This is also referred to as
automatic account determination.
 This powerful tool makes accounting happen for SAP and makes accounting
happen without the user needing to know what the debits and credits need to be
each time a transaction happens.
 Most of the configuration will be in the process chapters (such as Procurement,
Fulfillment and Production).
 Basic configuration is completed in this (FI) chapter

Magal, Boykin, Goodrich, and Prabhakar | Business Processes Configuration with SAP ERP | © Epistemy Press 2017
Agenda

  Financial Accounting Processes Overview


  Enterprise Structure
  Business Rules and Parameters
 Master Data
 Testing

Magal, Boykin, Goodrich, and Prabhakar | Business Processes Configuration with SAP ERP | © Epistemy Press 2017
General Ledger Accounts

 Concerned with recording the financial impact of all process steps performed
within the organization
 Double-entry accounting is used for every transaction
 There are five types of accounts contained in a Chart of Accounts
 Assets
 Liabilities
 Equity
 Revenues
 Expenses

Magal, Boykin, Goodrich, and Prabhakar | Business Processes Configuration with SAP ERP | © Epistemy Press 2017
General Ledger Accounts

 Used to record all accounting consequences of business transactions


 Data in the general ledger accounts are segmented by organizational level
 Chart of account segment
 Company code segment
 General ledger = COA + Company code data
CoA: GL00 CoA segment (client) Company code segment
Account #: 100000
• Account number • Account currency
Long text: Bank
Chart of accounts segment
account • Long text (Description) • Tax-related data
Balance sheet • Short text • Field status group
account
• Account group • Open item management
Account group: BS
• Balance sheet or income • Line item display
statement account • Post automatically only
• Reconciliation account for
GBI US GBI DE account type
Company code: US00 Company code: DE00
Company code segment Currency: Euro
Currency: USD
Field status group: Field status group:
ZGBS ZGBS
Configuration Steps Demo – Create General Ledger Accounts

 Navigation: SAP Customizing Implementation Guide ► Financial


Accounting (New) ► General Ledger Accounting (New) ► Master Data ►
G/L Accounts ► G/L Account Creation and Processing ► Create G/L
Accounts with Reference

Magal, Boykin, Goodrich, and Prabhakar | Business Processes Configuration with SAP ERP | © Epistemy Press 2017
General Ledger Accounts

 Open item management


 Clearing accounts
 Debits is matched to credits
 Accounts payable

 Line item display


 Permits drill down from account balance to line items
 Reconciliation accounts only maintain totals; no line items

 Post automatically only


 Reconciliation accounts ->
 Totals only; no manual posting
 to ensure subledger and reconciliation accounts are in sync
 Other accounts also should not have manual postings
 Inventory accounts, consumption accounts
 Postings via automatic account determination

Magal, Boykin, Goodrich, and Prabhakar | Business Processes Configuration with SAP ERP | © Epistemy Press 2017
Agenda

  Financial Accounting Processes Overview


  Enterprise Structure
  Business Rules and Parameters
  Master Data
 Testing

Magal, Boykin, Goodrich, and Prabhakar | Business Processes Configuration with SAP ERP | © Epistemy Press 2017
Testing

 Execute process to ensure it is working as desired


 Ensure that the general ledger is set up and ready to run transactions
 Manually execute general ledger account postings

 Most of this testing will be performed in other processes


 Fulfillment, Procurement and Production.
 To ensure that automatic account assignment is working

Magal, Boykin, Goodrich, and Prabhakar | Business Processes Configuration with SAP ERP | © Epistemy Press 2017
Agenda

  Financial Accounting Processes Overview


  Enterprise Structure
  Business Rules and Parameters
  Master Data
  Testing

Magal, Boykin, Goodrich, and Prabhakar | Business Processes Configuration with SAP ERP | © Epistemy Press 2017

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