HEALTH

Growth and Development

 HEALTH Unit 1: Growth and Development
Objectives: At the end of the lesson 1, the students should be able
to:
• identify the stages of growth and development;
• explain the dimensions of holistic health (physical,
mental/intellectual, emotional, social, and moral-
spiritual);
• analyse the interplay among the health dimensions in
developing holistic health; and
• adopt a healthy lifestyle at home and school.
 Why is it important to be healthy?
 What makes a person healthy?
Lesson 1: Holistic Health and Health Dimensions
• World Health Organization (WHO) defines health as “a state of complete, physical,
mental, and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity”. It
involves the whole being of a person and the state of the environment where one lives.
• Human development is a lifelong process that moves through the stages of infancy
(birth to 2 years old), childhood (3 to 9 years old), adolescence(10 to 19 years old), and
adulthood. In infancy, we rely on others to meet our needs as we begin to gain control
over our bodies. In the physical development of children, growth refers to the increase
in the size of the person.
• In childhood, we begin to develop our sense of independence and learn what we can
and cannot do. Throughout the process, each person develops attitudes and values
that guide choices, relationships, and understanding.
• An understanding of the changes in the different stages of human being helps an
individual provide the family, school, and community the necessary care, guidance,
and attention children and teenagers need.

Click to link for additional information/video :

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2794325/
 Lesson 1: Holistic Health and Health Dimensions

The Five (5) Health Dimensions

The WHO has set the parameters that overall good health and wellness are interdependent on five (5) health
dimensions namely, physical, intellectual, emotional, social, and spiritual.
A. Physical health dimension refers to the state of the body that includes its composition, function, maintenance,
and development. It consists of the following:
1. Physical activity and fitness 3. Environment 5. Stress reduction
2. Nutrition 4. Medical Care and follow through
B. Mental/Intellectual health dimension refers to the cognitive ability of a person to improve the quality of his or
her life. This also includes the ability analyze, reason, create, and make rational decisions.
C. Emotional health dimension refers to the ability of a person to accept his or her own feelings and that of others.
D. Social health dimension refers to one’s ability to relate with, build and maintain harmonious relationship with
his or her family and community. Being socially accepted boosts one’s self-image.
E. Moral-Spiritual health dimension refers to one’s faith, beliefs,
and values. Being morally and spiritually healthy seeks for the
meaning and purpose of life. It is about looking within oneself
and deeply understanding one’s existence and faith.
Lesson 1: Holistic Health and Health Dimensions

• Changes in the Health Dimensions during Puberty

Puberty is the period of human development in which adolescents experience dramatic
physical growth and development. These are manifested through the development of the
secondary sex characteristics and the capacity for sexual reproduction. As adolescents
experience physical transformation, they can also be affected psychologically and emotionally.

Health Dimension Changes during Puberty

Physical Dimension
Mental/Intellectual
Dimension
The physical changes occur due to hormonal changes.
In females, breast development is the main sign followed by
menarche (first mentrual period), the ovaries’ production of
estrogen, increase in height, broadening of the hips, clear/
whitish vaginal secretion, and pubic and armpit hair growth.
In males, the most prominent changes are the enlargement of
penis and testes, increase in size of larynx and vocal chords that
cause the deepening or lowering of the voice, appearance of
pubic hair, and attainment of height.
A person challenges the way things are. This is part of their
intellectual growth.
Lesson 1: Holistic Health and Health Dimensions
Health Dimension
Emotional Dimension
Social Dimension
Moral/Spiritual Dimension
Changes during Puberty
A person explores new relationships and ideas from friends and
others.
The adolescent starts to identify herself/himself to a group. Having
friends means that they are accepted and they belong . They do things
to please others and be popular. For them, peer group acceptance and
being popular are primary concerns.
Adolescents consistently struggle between what they know they
should be doing and what they actually do. They struggle because they
want to be mature yet so often fail.

• It's important to be happy and healthy.

• Lifelong personal well-being is achieved through responsible actions based on healthy attitudes and
behaviours.
• Holistic health is achieved through appropriate management of individual’s concerns and challenges.
• Health is both personal and social responsibility.
• An individual’s health at different stages is dependent on heredity, environmental factors, and
lifestyle choices.
Lesson 2: Management of Health Concerns during Puberty
Objectives: At the end of the lesson 2, the students should be able to:

• describe how the different health concerns during adolescence be

managed;
• describe changes in different aspects of growth that happen to boys
and girls during adolescence; and
• explain that the pattern of change during adolescence is similar but
the pace of growth and development is unique for each adolescent.

 Why should adolescents be health conscious?

 How should one approach the challenges of adolescence?
 How should one manage health concerns during adolescence?
Lesson 2: Management of Health Concerns during
Puberty
Management of Health Concerns during Puberty
A. Poor Eating Habit
Experts believe that the rise in obesity, is not a result of extra food intake, but caused
by sedentary lifestyle or lack of physical activity. Overweight and obesity are also influenced by
the increased consumption of fast food and unhealthy food available to adolescents. This has led
to a growing number of obesity-related diseases like diabetes and heart disease. On the other
hand, for fear gaining weight especially for women, has led to restrictive eating habits or wrong
diet practices. It is best to stay active and eat food that are low in fat and sugar to promote a
healthy weight.
B. Dental Problems
Proper oral hygiene includes daily brushing and flossing of the teeth to reduce bad breath
and prevent oral or dental problems. Antibacterial mouth rinses and antiseptic mouthwashes can
also reduce bacteria. Food particles that remain in the mouth and in between teeth, around the
gums, and on the tongue may cause bad breath, medically known as halitosis.

To prevent periodontal disease, a professional tooth

cleaning called prophylaxis is usually administered by a
dentist.
Lesson 2: Management of Health Concerns during
Puberty
Proper Oral Care/rushing of the Teeth
1. Toothbrush – Use soft-bristled toothbrush to remove plaque from
the teeth. Replace toothbrush every three (3) months, or when it
shows wear and tear, whichever comes first.
2. Time – Brushing for at least two (2) minutes is recommended. This
gives sufficient time to brush the teeth and gums thoroughly.
3. Method – Brush downward from gum line and use backward and forward strokes on each tooth,
starting with upper teeth then moving on to the lower teeth. Use short strokes, paying special
attention to areas around fillings or other dental work.
4. Tongue – Avoid bad breath by brushing the tongue gently with a soft-bristled toothbrush or a
tongue cleaner to remove any debris build up that may cause bad breath.
5. Floss – Daily flossing is recommended to remove debris build up between the teeth, which can
cause plague and gum disease. Flossing after brushing removes the food particles in between teeth
that might be trapped.
Body Odor
Body odor, medically called bromhidrosis, happens at puberty because of increasing hormones
called androgens.
Click to link for additional information.
https://www.healthline.com/health/dental-and-oral-health/best-
practices-for-healthy-teeth#2
Lesson 2: Management of Health Concerns during Puberty

Are you bothered by unwanted body odor that seems to pop up during the most
unexpected times? Here are some tips on how to eliminate that body odor:
1. Take a bath daily and wash the underarms properly. Use soap or shower gel as cleansing
agents.
2. Wash hands frequently and properly before and after eating.
3. Change into fresh and clean clothes daily, including socks and underwear.
4. Laundry clothes before storing in cabinets that smell good and where air can get to them.
5. Watch your diet and food choices. Eating poor quality and unhealthy food will excrete bad
smell.
6. Consult the doctor if body odor persists. It might be bromhidrosis.
Lack of Sleep Age Group Recommended Amount of Sleep
The amount of sleep you need Infants 9-10 hours, plus 3 or more hours of naps.
depends on various factors especially
Toddlers 9-10 hours, plus 2-3 hours of naps.
your age. Give yourself a rest. Sleep well.
Consider the general guidelines (at School-age 9-11 hours
the right) for different age groups.
Adults 7-8 hours
Lesson 2: Management of Health Concerns during
Puberty
Lack of Physical Activity
Lack of physical activity and movement makes the body less conditioned and susceptible to
injury. Hence, it is best to be aware not to be seated for a prolonged period of time. Stretching is
advised once in a while.
Postural Problems
The following are some suggested ways to improve one’s postures, especially for people who sit for a
long period of time.
1. Avoid unbalanced posture such as crossing legs unevenly while sitting, leaning to one side
hunching the shoulders forward or tilting the head.
2. Use posture-friendly chairs and props like footrest, lumbar back support or a small pillow can be
used.
3. Keep the body in alignment while sitting and standing. Distribute the body weight evenly to the
front, back, and sides. Sit up straight and align the ears, shoulders, and hips in one vertical line.
4. Get up and move to relax the muscles. As muscles tire, slouching and slumping become more
likely. These give extra pressure on the neck and back. One is advised to take a break every half
hour for two minutes by stretching and walking.
 Current and future personal wellness is dependent on the person’s everyday lifestyle.
 Although growing up can be an exciting time, it can also be confusing and challenging.
Lesson 3: Health Appraisal Procedure

Objectives: At the end of the lesson 3, the students should be able to:

• apply the concepts learned about proper management of health concerns

among teenagers;
• use the skills acquired in the preparation of the panel display; and
• work cooperatively as a team to come up with an informative and interesting
panel display.

 How healthy are you?

 Why appraise one’s health?
 Why is one’s health a wealth?
 Lesson 3: Health Appraisal Procedure
Health Appraisal Procedures
A health appraisal is a record of an individual’s fitness as well as one’s risk of developing
certain illnesses and medical conditions.
A. Height and Weight
It is during adolescence stage that an individual gains half of its ideal body weight.
Peak weight gain follows the linear growth spurt by 3-6 months in females making them gain
approximately 18.3 lb. or 8.3 kg per year during peak rates of weight gain and approximately
three months in males.
B. Self-breast Examination for Girls
Breast examination is done to feel any changes that might have occurred in its
structure. When one conducts a breast examination on a regular basis, then the individual
develops an intimate understanding of the structure of her breast. This will make her able to
tell immediately if a lump, no matter how small, is present.
C. Testicular Examination for Boys
Teen boys are advised to have regular monthly testicular self-examination. It takes
practice to do testicular examination correctly and learning how to do it is a great step
toward taking care of one’s health. Testicular concern commonly strikes those who are in
their mid-teens to their mid-twenties.
Click to link for additional information:
https://www.breastcancer.org/symptoms/testing/types/self_exam
https://www.uofmhealth.org/health-library/hw234856
 Lesson 3: Health Appraisal Procedure
D. Vision Screening
A vision screening is performed by an eye specialist,
an optometrist, to detect certain eye problems. The test
includes the use of the “big E” or Snellen chart.
The most common vision problems that an
ophthalmologist evaluates include:
1. Strabismus – It is an eye condition described by the
misalignment of the eyes.
2. Amblyopia – It is often called a “lazy eye”, an eye condition
where the vision of one eye is poor that is sometimes caused
by anisometropia, the unequal refractive powers of both eyes. The Snellen chart is an eye
chart that eye care
3. Refractive errors – It is a common eye disorder when the professionals use to
eye fails to focus images clearly. The four (4) common refractive measure how clearly a
errors are: hyperopia (farsightedness), myopia person can see. It is named
(nearsightedness), astigmatism (distorted vision), and after Herman Snellen, a
presbyopia (difficulty in reading or seeing at arm’s length is Dutch ophthalmologist, eye
linked to ageing). surgeon, and professor.
Lesson 3: Health Appraisal Procedure
E. Scoliosis Test
Scoliosis is a condition where the
spine is curved and appears to be shaped
like an “S” or “C”. A physical examination is
performed to test scoliosis. The following
manifestations may show :
1. One shoulder is higher than the other.
2. The pelvis is tilted.

F. Health Examination
A physical examination or medical examination (popularly known as medical
check-up) is performed to investigate the body of a patient for signs of disease.
This is done by a medical professional. It includes the following:
1. The medical history of the patient, which is an account of the symptoms
experienced by the patient.
2. The physical examination of the symptoms experienced by the patient.
3. The medical data, which becomes part of the patient’s medical record.
Lesson 3: Health Appraisal Procedure
G. Dental Examination
Regular dental examination is essential in keeping a person’s oral health
and dental well-being. It is part of a comprehensive oral examination to evaluate the
mouth and teeth. Moreover, a dental exam offers the dentist the opportunity to
provide the patient with tips and recommendations on caring the teeth. Dental care
begins with its assessment, followed by diagnosis, planning, implementation, and
evaluation.
Development of Self-Awareness and Self-Management Skills
As an adolescent, you have to make decisions in your life not only on
matters that concern health, but also many other matters as well. Awareness of
your strengths, interests, capabilities, and weaknesses can help you reach your full
potential. Good decision-making helps you develop an awareness of who you are
and who you will be in the future.

Here are some tips to guide you in making better decisions:

1. Identify/ define what decision you must 5. Review your goals and values in life.
make. 6. Evaluate and rank your choices based on your
2. Gather as many relevant and reliable goals and values in life.
information on the matter in question. 7. Prepare and implement your plan of action.
3. Consider all available and possible choices. 8. Assess and evaluate the result of your action.
4. Study the probable effects of choices.