Life Saving Appliances

Life saving equipment

Life saving equipment

 provided in the ship is 200% of its
compliment
 Should be stowed in such a way that it can
be launched on either side of the ship in a
quickest possible manner in emergency.
 All Life Saving appliances shall be of highly
visible color and fitted with retro reflective
tapes.
 Date of Expiry should be clearly marked.
 TERMINOLOGY AND
DEFINITIONS
 Anti Exposure Suit : A Protective suit designed for
use by rescue boat crew and marine evacuation party.
 Immersion Suit : A protective suit which reduces the
body heat loss of a person wearing it in cold water.
 Thermal Protective Aid (TPA) : A bag or suit made of
waterproof material with low thermal conductance.
Note- Immersion suits and TPAs are not provided if the
life boats are totally enclosed or partially enclosed
type or if the ship plies in warm climate.
 TERMINOLOGY AND DEFINITIONS

 Float Free Launching : The method of launching a survival craft

automatically from a sinking ship and is ready for use.
 Free Fall Lifeboat : The Boat with its complement of persons and
equipment on board is released and allowed to fall in to sea without
any restraining apparatus
 Launching Appliance : A means of releasing a survival craft from its
stowed position safely to the water.
 Rescue Boat (rigid or inflatable)
 The Boat designed to rescue persons in distress and marshal
survival craft.
 It should be capable of carrying five seated and one lying person
and of running at speed 6 knots for a period of at least 4 hours.
 Survival Craft : A Craft capable of sustaining the lives of persons in
distress from the time of abandoning the ship.
 LIFE SAVING APPLIANCES ON SHIPS

LIFE BOATS
 A ship is provided with sufficient number of fully
enclosed life boats on each side of the ship to
accommodate all the persons on board.
 A Partially enclosed boats may be permitted if the ship
remains in warm climate.
 These boats are stowed on davits and provided with
system of quick launching in emergency.
LIFE SAVING APPLIANCES
ON SHIPS
LIFE RAFT
 Sufficientnumber of life rafts are provided
to the ships and stowed on upper deck for
quick launching.
 All Life rafts are stowed with the painter
permanently attached to the ship and with
a float free arrangements
 Free Floating arrangement automatically
releases the lashing of a life raft when the
ship sinks and inflates the raft.
 LIFEBUOY

LIFEBUOY
 A minimum number of lifebuoys depending on the size of ship is
provided to all the ships and stowed on upper deck
 8 for ships under 100 m length
 10 for ships of 100 meters and above but below 150 meters in
length.
 12 For ships of 150 meters and above but below 200 meters.
 14 For ships of 200 meters and above in length
 Evenly distributed through out the length of the ship.
 Not less than half are provided with self ignited lights.
 At least one lifebuoys on each side is fitted with a buoyant line of 30
meters length without lights or smoke marker.
 At least two are provided with self activated smoke signals kept on
the bridge for immediate release
 LIFE SAVING APPLIANCES

 SART : ( Search and Rescue Transponder) . One on each side of the ship. It
can indicate its location to the rescue ships and aircraft by a series of equally
spaced dots on their radar screen. These shall be so stowed that they can be
readily placed in any survival craft.
 ROCKET PARACHUTE DISTRESS FLARES : Not less than 12
are kept on the bridge. When fired vertically up , it reaches an altitude of 300
meters and releases a red flare which burns for at least 40 seconds.
 EMBARKATION LADDER : Long enough to reach water level when
the ship is at her lightest draft and heaviest trim and listed 20 degree either way
condition. Minimum one ladder must be provided on each side of the ship.
 EMERGENCY ALARM SYSTEM : For sounding the general
emergency alarm signal( seven or more short blasts followed by one long blast)
from the bridge or any other strategic points is fitted in accommodation and
crews working places.
 ON BOARD COMMUNICATION SYSTEM : To have two way
communication between bridge and emergency control station, muster and
embarkation station and other important positions on board.
 LIFE SAVING APPLIANCES
 LIFEJACKET : A lifejacket for every person on board + 10% extra
including Child life jackets. Additional life jackets are carried for persons on
watch and for use at remotely located survival craft stations
 IMMERSION SUIT :
At the rate of at least three for each lifeboat. One
immersion suit for each crew. Thermal Protective aids are provided for
persons onboard without Immersion suits.
 A-LINE THROWING APPLIANCE : Consisting of at least 4
projectiles and 4 lines of 2 ton breaking strength capable of carrying the line
at least 230mtrs in calm weather.
 THREE BATTERY OPERATED RADIO SET: For
communication between ship and rescue boat /survival crafts. Capable of
operating for 4 hours.
 ONE BUOYANT EPIRB : So stowed that it can be easily placed in
any survival craft.
 ONE FLOAT FREE EPIRB : Which automatically get released
from sinking ship and starts transmitting distress signal .
 MAN OVERBOARD SMOKE AND LIGHT MARKER

 The marker is mounted in such a position in the ship that it can

be released from its stowage to fall unobstructed in to the sea.
 The markers are sited on both bridge wings and on both sides in
the after part of the ship.
 The purpose of this marker is to give a seamark by day or night
for a man overboard casualty.
 When activated , the marker gives off a dense orange-colored
smoke for about 15 minutes. and shows two white lights for a
minimum of two hours thus having day and night location facility.
 The marker is also attached with a life buoy with 4 meters rope
for casualty to catch hold of this lifebuoy and survive till the time
other rescue arrangements are made.
 Emergency Position Indicating Radio Beacon

 The EPIRB is provided to all the vessels to alert search and

rescue services in the event of an emergency and to guide
them to the position.
 It is installed on upper deck.
 It is designed to transmit a coded message on distress
frequency .
 The message is relayed via satellite to nearest Rescue
Coordination Centre (RCC)
 After receiving the distress message from EPIRB the satellite
can determine your ship particulars and position of ship and
pass on to concerned authorities.
SEARCH AND RESCUE RADAR TRANSPONDER (SART)

 All ships must carry at least two SART.

 The principal use of the set is to help rescue services quickly
locate the ships position.
 It is a Radar transponder , which will operate with most
maritime radars.
 The working range is 40 miles from Air craft and 5 miles
from ship. When it transmits a line of dots seen on the Radar
display .
 Standby for 96 hours and transponder response for 8 hours
continuously.
SEARCH AND RESCUE RADAR TRANSPONDER (SART)
 PORTABLE WATERPROOF VHF RADIO SET

 The principle use of these sets are to provide a means of

communication with other rafts and to liaise with rescue
services as they approach.
 They are also used to transmit MAY DAY, monitor
channel 16 for rescue activities and during man
overboard recovery.
 As the batteries have a maximum life of 12 Hours it
must be used sparingly.
 Lifebuoys

 Outer diameter not more than 800 mm and inner

diameter not less than 400 mm
 Made of inherently buoyant and non inflammable
material
 Inflatable lifebuoys are not permitted
 Should support at least 14.5 kg of iron in fresh water
for 24 hrs.
 Weight not less than 2.5 kg . But 4 Kg if attached to
SI light or smoke signal. Weight not more than 6 Kg
 Should be marked in English with name of ship and
port of registry.
 LIFEBUOY

 A minimum number of lifebuoys depending on the size of ship

is provided to all the ships and stowed on upper deck
 8 for ships under 100 m length
 10 for ships of 100 meters and above but below 150 meters in
length.
 12 For ships of 150 meters and above but below 200 meters.
 14 For ships of 200 meters and above in length
 Evenly distributed through out the length of the ship.
 Not less than half are provided with self ignited lights.
 At least one lifebuoys on each side is fitted with a buoyant line
of 30 meters length without lights or smoke marker.
 At least two are provided with self activated smoke signals
kept on the bridge for immediate release
Lifebuoys with marker
 Lifebuoys

 Should have a grab line of 9.5 mm diameter and 4

times the diameter in secured equidistantly to form
four loops. These loops should never be tied
together.
 Self Igniting lights should show for at least for 2
hours a fixed light or 50 to 70 flashes per min.
 Self activated smoke signals should emit highly
visible smoke( orange ) at a uniform rate without
flame for at least 15 minutes.
 Buoyant life lines should be at least 8 mm diameter,
non kinking and 5 KN breaking strength.
Lifebuoys
 How to done a Lifebuoy

 Press down on its rim closer to you

 Lifebuoy will topple over your head
 Rest your armpits over the buoy and allow the head
to get inside the life buoy. (That is why the loops
should not be tied together.)
 Lifejackets

 Made of non inflammable material

 Can be worn within 1 minute
 Can not be worn incorrectly
 It turns the body of an unconscious man around on
his back at an angle of 20 to 50 degrees from vertical
and keeps his face at least 12 cm clear of water
 Comfortable to wear
 Allow the wearer to jump in to water from at least 4.5
meter height without injury
 Allow him to swim a short distance and board a
survival craft
 Lifejackets

 It is impossible to wear a life jacket while in water. So

always put it on before you get into water
 It also acts as a warm clothing in preventing loss of body
heat
 Inflatable life jackets must have two compartments and
inflate automatically on immersion. In addition, they should
be capable of being inflated by a single manual motion and
also by mouth.
 Every life jacket is fitted with a plastic whistle for attracting
attention
 Also fitted with a fixed or flashing light which burns for at
least 8 hours
 Flashing rate is at least 50 flashes per minute.
 Lifejackets

 As far as possible avoid jumping in to the water

 Try to board the survival craft by ladder, ropes etc.
 Life boats are boarded from embarkation deck.
 If it becomes necessary to jump -
 Do so from height of less than 6 meters
 Tapes of the life jacket should be tight to avoid injury
 Make sure there are no obstructions in the way
 Do not jump in to a boat or on the canopy of a life raft
 Look parallel to the horizon, hold down life jacket by
one hand and block your nose and mouth by the other
hand, keep your feet together and jump feet first.
Anti Exposure Suit
 Anti Exposure Suit

Anti Exposure Suit : A Protective suit designed for use by rescue

boat crew and marine evacuation party.
 Has a lateral field of vision of 120 degrees
 It shall not sustain burning or continue to melt after being
totally enveloped in a fire for a period of 2 seconds
 Normal work must be able to be carried out upon wearing
 The wearer should be capable of climbing up and down a
vertical ladder of at least 5 meter in length
 The wearer should be able to swim through water for at least
25 meters and board a survival craft
 The wearer of the suit, with or without the lifejacket shall be
able to turn from a face down position to a face up position in
not more than 5 seconds
 Anti Exposure Suit

 Non flammable and water proof material and reduce

chances of heat stress during rescue/evacuation
 International ORANGE in color which is highly visible
 The suit should be unpacked and donned within 2
minutes without any external help or assistance
 Cover entire body except face and hands
 Pocket for VHF set
 Also fitted with light and whistle
 Do not allow the body temp to fall at a rate of more
than 1.5 deg per hour when in water of temp 5 deg C
for half an hour
Immersion Suit
 Immersion Suit

Immersion Suit : A protective suit which reduces the body heat loss of
a person wearing it in cold water.
 Non flammable water proof material
 Immersion Suits may be of the kinds that are Insulated, Un-insulated,
wearable with life jacket (all should have sufficient buoyancy)
 Internationally RED in color which is highly visible. Note that most other
LSA equipment are bright ORANGE
 The wearer should be capable of climbing up and down a vertical ladder
of at least 5 meter in length
 The wearer must be able to swim a short distance
 Cover the entire body except face and can be worn in 2 minutes without
any assistance.
 Does not allow the body temperature to fall more than 2 deg C when a
man is in water of 5 deg C for one hour in case of non insulating material
Or 6 hours for waters of 0 deg temp in case of insulating mate rial
 Immersion Suit

 If a lifejacket is required along with the immersion

suit, then it should be worn over the immersion suit
and without assistance
 Thermal protective Aids
Thermal Protective Aid (TPA) : A bag or suit made of
waterproof material with low thermal conductance.
 Water proof insulating material
 Made of non flammable material
 International ORNAGE in color that is highly visible
 The TPA shall reduce the convective and evaporative
heat loss from the wearer’s body
 Worn over the life jacket
 Cover whole body except face
 Thermal Insulation to body in temp from Minus 30
degree C to + 20 degree C
Line Throwing Appliance
 Line Throwing Appliance

Purpose - Passing a line to a ship at a distance for rigging to rescue the

crew of a stranded ship or for passing a towing line to a disabled ship.
 Consists of a projectile and a line of 2 ton breaking strength capable of
carrying the line at least 230 meters in calm weather.
 Powered by a Rocket Projectile attached to a long line which can run out
freely
 Either a rocket or compressed air used to eject and propel the projectile
 Compressed air system is preferred for use on tankers/ gas carriers
 A rocket attached to a wire tail is neatly packed inside a cylindrical
yellow container
 On firing, first the rocket and then the line run out freely without
obstruction
 Container has a handle on top which is fitted with a trigger and a safety
catch
 Line Throwing Appliance

 An arrow is marked on the handle to show the side where the rocket is
going to come out from
 Side of the container has a transparent plastic cover
Operation of LTA
 Remove the cover
 Take out the free end of the line which has a loop
 Make fast the loop to the end of a heavy hawser
 Catch the handle near the arrow with the left hand
 Remove the safety catch and place the index index finger of right
hand on the trigger
 Point the arrow a little to leeward of direction in which you wish to
throw the line and pull the trigger
 Rocket tends to go to windward due to effect of wind on the trailing
line