Robotics

Introduction Of Robotics

 Robot and Robotics technologies represented a practical

applications of physics, computer science, engineering
and mathematics.

 It provides a very powerful and flexible approach to

demonstrate a variety of engineering concept.
 What is a Robot ?

As such no formal defination, Research

Engineers at Techtron came up with the
undermentioned defination…
“An electrical or mechanical or electromechanical,
programmable or non programmable multifunctional
manipulator designed to move material, parts, tools, or
specialized devices through various programmed
motions for the performance of a variety of tasks”
 Introduction
Isaac Asimov popularized the term robotics. Asimov is a
visionary who envisioned in the 1930’s the positronic brain
for controlling robots. He invented the three laws of
robotics:

• A robot may not harm a human

through action or inaction, allow a
human to come to harm

• A robot must obey the orders given

by human beings, except when such
orders conflict with the First Law

• A robot must protect its own

existence as long as it does not
conflict with the First or Second Laws
 Learning Objective

• What the word robot means and its origins

• Some of the current uses of robots in society

• Explain some of the key problems involved

in designing and building robots
 Current Robotic Technologies
• Large organisations and companies reap
many benefits from robotic technologies
because:

• Robots are less expensive than paying

human workers over the long run and
robots are not prone to injure themselves.
 Robots are currently used for situations where
human safety is an issue
• Robots are used internationally by
Police, Army, Navy and Air force
organisations

• Robotic technology is used to deal

with hazardous situations such as
dealing with suspicious packages, riots
and for the collection of foreign
intelligence

• NASA scientists use robotic technologies (Mars Explorer) to

explore other planets
 Industrial Application

•Repetitive tasks

•High speed

•High precision movements

•Pre-planned trajectories and task policies

•Automated and no human interference required

Current Robots
 Current Robots
Design Goals:
• Sensor-rich
• Controllable
• Reliability
• Efficiency
 Shared Challenges
• Configuring sensors and actuators in
running system
• Coordinating sensors and actuators
asynchronously
• monitoring/interacting/debugging
running system
• Development when access to robot is
limited
• Re-use of components across
hardware platforms and device
 Robotics in Movies
• MATRIX

• I-ROBOT

• TERMINATOR
Contd…..
• All these movies are based on the fact that rules
of robotics are violated

• Robots turn against their very own creators

humans

• So we should build robots keeping the rules of

robotics in mind
 Robotics Fiction
• Matrix is an artificial reality created by sentient machines
in order to pacify and subdue the human population

• It contains numerous references to philosophical and

religious ideas and to the hacker subculture, as well as
homage’s to the style of Japanese animation and
cyberpunk

• It shows the conflict between humans & machines and

shows how machines can turn hostile against humans if
not controlled cautiously
 A robot must have the following essential
characteristics
• Mobility: It possesses some form of mobility.
• Programmability: It can be programmed to accomplish
a large variety of tasks. After being programmed, it
operates automatically.
• Sensors: On or around the device that are able to sense
the environment and give useful feedback to the device.
• Mechanical capability: Enabling it to act on its
environment rather than merely function as a data
processing or computational device (a robot is a
machine); and
• Flexibility: It can operate using a range of programs and
manipulates in a variety of ways.
 Asimo

• ASIMO is a humanoid
robot created by Honda.
ASIMO was created at
Honda’s Research &
Development Wako
Fundamental Technical
Research Center in
Japan.
• The name ASIMO is an
acronym for “Advanced
Step in Innovative
Mobility”.
Contd…..
• The main concept behind Honda's robot was to create a
more viable mobility that allow robots to help and live in
harmony with people.
• ASIMO has the unique ability to walk forward, backward, side
step and even climb stairs with human-like agility. With the
capability to navigate and operate in our world, ASIMO will be
able to perform tasks to assist .
• ASIMO has two Degrees of Freedom on its neck, six on each
arm and six on each leg.
• ASIMO may also someday be helpful in dangerous work
environments such as moving harmful chemicals or fighting
fires.
Kismet
(robot)
 Kismet is a robot made in
the late 1990s at
Massachusetts Institute of
Technology with auditory,
visual and expressive systems
intended to participate in
human social interaction and to
demonstrate simulated human
emotion and appearance. The
name Kismet comes from the
Arabic , Turkish , Urdu Hindi
and Punjabi word meaning
"fate" or sometimes "luck".
Contd....
• Kismet simulates emotion through various facial
expressions, vocalizations, and movement. Facial
expressions are created through movements of the ears,
eyebrows, eyelids, lips, jaw, and head.
 Four color CCD cameras mounted on a stereo active vision
head and two wide field of view cameras allow Kismet to
decide what to pay attention to and to estimate distances.
 Maxon DC servo motors with high resolution optical
encoders are positioned to give Kismet three degrees of eye
movement, which allow it to control gaze direction and gives
Kismet the ability to move and orient its eyes like a human.
This allows Kismet to simulate human visual behaviors.
iCub robot
Contd....
 The iCub is a small-size humanoid robot being designed
by the RobotCub Consortium, consisting of several
European universities.
 The iCub is the humanoid baby-robot being designed
within the RobotCub project. It is a full humanoid robot
sized as a three and half year-old child; about 3 feet tall.
It has 53 degrees of freedom, including articulated hands
that are used for manipulation and gesturing.
 iCub robot, like a human child and it is a fine simulation
of a human child. The iCub is able to crawl and walk,
make human-like eye and head movements and
recognise and grasp objects.
 Conclusion
Although most robots in use today are
designed for specific tasks, the goal is to
make universal robots, robots flexible enough
to do just about anything a human can do.
Thank You…