BASICS OF ELECTRONICS

We will be discussing…..
• Resistor
• Capacitor
• Diode
• Transister
 RESISTORS
• Resistors are used to limit current or divide
voltage and in some cases, generate heat.
• Used for driving circuit which requires low
current and voltage than available.
• A two terminal non-polarised component.
 Contd…
• Unit of resistance is ohm.
• Notation for resistance
O- for ohm
K- for kilo ohm
M- for mega ohm
Physical appearance
Color code table
 Practical Use….
• To reduce the current flowing in circuit,
use resistance in parallel.
• To reduce the voltage for any circuit, use
resistance in series.
 CAPACITORS
• A two terminal electronic component which
stores energy in form of charge.
• capacitance is a measure of a capacitor's
ability to store charge.
• A large capacitance means that more
charge can be stored.
• Capacitance is measured in Farads(F) but
prefixes like µF and pF for smaller values.
 Types of capacitors
• Polarized
which have specified positive and
negative terminals.

• Non-polarized
no defined polarity for terminals.
 Practical use
• Used for making timer circuits, when used
with resistance.
• Used in clipper, clamper circuit.
• Used for providing instantaneous large
power as in flashlight of cameras.
• Used in DC filter circuits.
 DIODES
• A two-terminal electronic component that
conducts electric current in only one
direction.
The direction of arrow shows the only
possible direction of current.
 Types of diodes
• LED i.e Light Emitting Diodes
These diodes emit light when provided
with power supply.
• Photodiode
These diode generates currents when
exposed to light.
 Practical use
• Used for making gates
• Used for making rectifiers
• Used as a switch
• LED as indicators
• Photodiodes as light detector
 TRANSISTOR
• A transistor is a semiconductor device
commonly used to amplify or switch
electronic signals.
• Device with three terminals where one
terminal can be use to control the flow of
current through the other two terminals.
Contd….
• The three terminals are Emitter, Base and
Collector
• Transistor are of two types:
1-> n-p-n
A straight switch

2-> p-n-p
A inverted switch
 n-p-n as straight switch
• When base of n-p-n is connected with
logic high voltage then it short circuit
emitter and collector (SWITCH ON).
• When base of n-p-n is connected with
logic low voltage then it open circuit both
emitter and collector (SWITCH OFF).
 p-n-p as inverted switch
• When base of p-n-p is connected with
logic high voltage then it open circuit
emitter and collector (SWITCH OFF).
• When base of p-n-p is connected with
logic low voltage then it short circuit both
emitter and collector (SWITCH ON).
 Practically used…
• As a switch
• As an amplifier
• For realizing logic gates
Thank You…