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Automatic Railway Gate Control System Using Arduino Uno Presentation
Automatic Railway Gate Control System Using Arduino Uno Presentation
Power supply
IR sensor 1
IR sensor 2
Working
In this proposed model we use USB cable to connect the Arduino UNO
to the PC that will supply the power Arduino UNO and the sensors are
powered by 9v battery. After this supply is given to ARDUINO the
servo motor/DC motor and IR sensors are controlled and interfaced
through the ARDUINO. Now the IR sensors senses the arrival/departure
of the train and accordingly sets up the buzzer to notify the
surrounding/ near by area. After which the servo motor/ DC motor
which here is used to control the gateway system at the crossing itself
takes the corresponding action to weather open or close the gateway
accordingly.
Required Components
Arduino Uno R3
LM 358 IC
IR sensor Pairs
DC motors
Buzzers
LED’s
Jumper wires
Cost Estimate
Sr. No. Components Quantity Cost
1. Arduino Nano Atmega328 01 1000/-
2. LM7805 Voltage Regulator 02 100/-
3. 1000 micro F/16v Electrolytic capacitor 02 100/-
4. Reflective type IR Sensor 02 500/-
5. 1 kom Resistor 02 10/-
6. L293D3 Motor Drive 01 100/-
7. 12v PMM Motor 01 200/-
8. 12v SMPS 01 500/-
9. TOY TRAIN 01 1000/-
TOTAL 3610/-
Technical specification
Microcontroller
Operating voltage: 5v
Input voltage: 7-20 v
Digital I/O pins: 14 (in which 6 provide PWM output)
Analog Input pins: 6
DC current per I/O pins: 20 mA
DC current for 3.3v pin: 50 mA
Flash Memory: 32 KB of which0.5 KB used by bootloader
SRAM: 2 KB
EEPROM: 1KB
Clock speed: 16 Hz
Length: 68.6mm
Width: 53.4mm
Weight: 25g
Description of Components
Arduino Uno
When we turn ON the circuit there is no IR radiation towards photodiode and the
output of the comparator is Low. When we take some object (not black) in front of IR
pair, then IR emitted by IR LED is Reflected by the object and absorbed by the
photodiode. Now when reflected IR Falls on photodiode, the voltage across
photodiode, drops and the voltage across series resistor R2 increases. When the
voltage at Resistor R2 ( which is connected to the non-inverting end of convertor) gets
higher then the voltage at inverting end, then the output becomes HIGH and LED
turns ON.
Voltage at inverting end, which is also called Threshold Voltage, can be set by
rotating the variable resistor’s knob. Higher the voltage at inverting end (-) less
sensitive the sensor and lower the voltage at inverting end (-), more sensitive the
sensor.
DC Motor
A DC motor usually means a permanent-magnet, direct current (DC)
motor of the sort used in toys, models, cordless tools, and robots. These
motors are particularly versatile because both there speed and direction
can be controlled by the voltage or duty cycle of by its polarity.
Torques is the measurement of the motors power. The higher the torque
of the motor the more weight it can move.
That’s why we have to use gear’s (or geared motor) to reduce the overall
speed of the motor and running at the top speed to get the most power to,
say a wheel attached to the shaft of the motor.
Battery
A 9v battery is required to supply the DC power to
drive the Arduino Uno and other components
connected to the Arduino.
Software
EASY TO USE
PERFORMANCE IS HIGH
PORTABLE
ACCURACY IS HIGH
AUTOMATIC OPERATION