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Sociolog Y: Unit I
Sociolog Y: Unit I
Sociolog Y: Unit I
y
Unit I
Introduction
• The word sociology was coined by Auguste Comte –
French Philosopher in 1838. He is consider as a father of
Sociology.
• Sociology is the youngest of all the social Sciences.
• The word Sociology is derived from the Latin Word
‘Socius’ which means companion or associate that is
‘society or group’ and the Greek word ‘logos’
means ‘science or study or advanced study’.
• Science of society or study of society.
Introduction
• Sociology is the science of society.
• No other science endeavours to study it in its entirety.
• Economic – production, distribution, consumption.
• History – past in accordance with the time order.
• Anthropology – primitive man, communities and their cultures.
• Psychology – behaviour or mind of the individual.
• Political science – citizen, as a ruler and as being ruled.
Study of the present social phenomena Deals with the past events of man
Sociologists more often study parts of a society Anthropologists tend to study societies in all
and generally specialise in institutions such as their aspects, as wholes. They concentrate their
family, marriage, or processes, such as social studies in a given ‘culture area’, such as
change, social mobility Malanesia or Nagaland.
Sociology makes use of observation, interview, Anthropologists directly go and live in the
social survey, questionnaires and other methods communities for study. They make use of direct
and techniques in its investigations observations and interviews
Sociology and
Psychology
• Psychology has been defined as the study of human behaviour.
• It is interested in his intelligence and his learning, his hopes and his
fears and the order and the disorder of his mind.
• Social psychology serves as a bridge between Psychology and
Sociology.
• Social psychology is the science of the behaviour of the individual in
society.
• Social psychology deals with the mental processes of man,
considering him as a social being.
Sociology and
Interdependence of the two sciences
Psychology:
• Psychology has to depend on sociology to understand properly human nature and
behaviour in society.
• Sociology which provides the necessary material regarding the structure,
organisation and culture of societies to which individuals belong.
• Similarly, sociologists have taken the assistance from Psychology.
• They have recognised the importance of psychological factors in
understanding
the changes in social structure.
• Sociologists and psychologists may have to study together certain common topics
such as – individual disorganisation, crime, juvenile delinquency, social
disorganisation, public opinion, propaganda, leadership, war conflicts,
socialisation, suggestion, imitation, fashion and so on.
Sociology and Psychology:
Social Psychology helps to face social
problems
• Problems such as racial conflicts, religious prejudices, communal
tensions, crimes, juvenile delinquency, prostitution, gambling and
alcoholism are not totally isolated cases in the society.
• Deviant patterns such as stealing, suicide, divorce and prostitution are
also normal consequences of our social institutions.
• As social behaviour and misbehaviour are very closely interrelated,
applied social psychologists must be an expert in the details of the
practical problems.
Differences between Sociology and
Psychology
Sociology Psychology
Studies society and social groups Studies the behaviour of individual in
group situation or in society
Analyse social processes Analyse mental processes of man
Interested in the social forms and Concerned with the behaviour of
structures within which the behaviour of individuals as such
man takes place
Studies the groups themselves and the Studies the individual as social
larger social structure psychology the individual in his social
groups
Studies society from sociological view Studies individual behaviour from the
point view point of psychology
Sociology and Economics:
Economics
• Economics deals with the economics activities of man.
• It also be understood as the science of wealth in its three stages
namely: production, distribution and consumption.
• It studies man as a wealth-getter and wealth disposer.
• It studies the interrelations of purely economic factors and forces: the
relations of price and supply, money flows, input-output ratios and
like.
• It also studies the structure and function of economic organisations
like banks, factories, business firms, corporations, transport, etc.
Sociology and Economics: Mutually
help
• Economic relationships bear a close relation to social activities.
• At the same time, social relationships are also affected by economic
activities.
• Economists said, the study of economics would be incomplete
without an understanding of human society.
• Economic system is embedded in the social structure as a part
of it.
• Sociologists have contributed to study of different aspects of
economic organisation.
Sociology and Economics: Mutually
help
• Knowledge of property, division of labour, occupations, industrial
organisation, etc., is provided by a sociologists to an economist.
• Labour relations, standard of living, employer-employee relations,
social classes, socio-economic planning, socio-economic reforms, etc.,
are common to both economists and sociologists.
• Economists are now analysing the social factors influencing economic
growth.
• Socio-economic problems of greater importance to be studied by
both economists and sociologists.
Differences between Sociology and
Economics
Sociology Economics
Studies all kind of social relationships Deals with only those social relationships
which are economic in character