Elements Of Landscape

SOFTSCAPE
• Softscape or soft landscape includes all types of plant life,
from flowers and trees to shrubs and groundcover.

• It naturally changes and evolves over time, driven by the

climate, time of year and other conditions.

• Careful consideration should be given to the amount of 

maintenance that these elements will require to stay in good
order.
 SOFTSCAPE ELEMENTS

Trees:
A tree is a perennial woody plant with a single main trunk taller than
about 2 meters , with xylem tissue in the trunk and branches that
continues to enlarge during the life of the plant by the process of
secondary growth

Palms:
Palm trees are a family of plants. Palms are one of the most well-known
and widely planted tree families. They have had an important role to
humans throughout much of history. Most of them are trees but some are
shrubs.

Shrubs:
A shrub is distinguished from a tree by its multiple stems and shorter
height, usually under 6 m (20 ft) tall. Plants of many species may grow
either into shrubs or trees, depending on their growing conditions. Small,
low shrubs, generally less than 2 m tall, such as lavender, periwinkle

Ground Covers:
A low-growing dense growth of plants, such as pachysandra or
crown vetch, planted for ornamental purposes or to prevent soil
erosion in areas where turf is difficult to grow, as in deep shade
or on a steep slope.
Planting troughs nested in the wall :
 FORM

In landscape design terminology, form is the shape of a plant.

➢ Upright
➢ Oval
➢ Columnar
➢ Spreading
➢ Broad spreading
➢ weeping

Wide spreading Weeping tree

(ex : rain tree, peepal, (ex : weeping willow, Columnar tree
banyan) bottle brush) Ex: ashoka, thuja, Christma
tree)

Upright tree Spreading tree

(ex : palm, coconut, (ex : gooseberry,
arecanut) plumeria, arjuna)
SOFTSCAPE SYMBOLS

Deciduous trees
Plant Categories :
 Hardscape
Hardscape refers to hard landscape materials in the built environment structures that are
incorporated into a landscape. This can include paved areas, driveways, retaining walls, sleeper
walls, stairs, walkways, and any other landscaping made up of hard wearing materials such as
wood, stone, concrete etc. as opposed to softscape, the horticultural elements of a landscape
a) Paving
b) Retaining walls
c) Shelters
d) Seating
e) Tree guard
f) Planters
g) Lighting
h) Traffic control and
protection
i) Signage
j) Sculptures
k) Fences
 Street Furniture
• Street furniture is a collective term for objects and pieces of equipment installed on streets and roads for
various purposes.
• It includes
• traffic barriers
• benches
• bollards
• post boxes 
• phone boxes
• streetlamps 
• traffic lights 
• traffic signs 
• bus stops 
• grit bins 
• tram stops, taxi stands, 
• public lavatories, 
• fountains, watering troughs and memorials, and waste receptacles.
• An important consideration in the design of street furniture is how it affects road safety.
 Bollards
BOLLARDS are used to channel
movement on ramps and streets and to
exclude wheeled vehicles in a polite
way.
Bollards may be in some cases used
interchangeably with plantings, both
may be used as "punctuation marks" as
well as barriers depending on their
location and number.
DRINKING FOUNTAIN is not LIGHTING: The height of light standards is the single factor
only a generous civic gesture but can that most directly determines the quality of the light and the
be an esthetic experience as well. consequent ambience of the site.
• Exterior lighting can be generally categorized as:
1. Decorative lighting
2. Vehicular use lighting
3. General site lighting
4. Pedestrian use lighting
5. Feature lighting
 ELEMENTS
TYPES:
Tensile Fabric Structures
Pergolas:
A pergola is a garden feature forming a shaded walk or
passageway of pillars that
support cross-beams and a sturdy open lattice, upon which
woody vines are trained.

Trellis:
An open framework, latticework, or design of wood or steel in
a vertical wall or horizontal overhead. Vegetation supported
vertically or horizontally.

Canopies:
A covered shelter for protection from sun, rain, snow, tree-
litter, etc., that generally projects over a sidewalk, driveway,
entry, window or similar area.

Gazebos:
A gazebo is a pavilion structure, sometimes octagonal, in
parks, gardens, and spacious public areas.
Tree guard:
An element used for the protection of tree growth in the younger stage and it is also used to
maintain nutrients and moisture levels in cold area.
 Gardens By The Bay, Singapore
• Gardens by the Bay is one of the largest garden projects of its kind
in the world. 

• Ultimately, the site will total 101 hectares comprising three distinct
gardens – Bay South, Bay East and Bay Central. 

• Located on reclaimed land in Singapore’s new downtown at Marina

Bay, the site will provide a unique leisure destination for local and
international visitors.

• The project is an integral part of Singapore’s “City in a Garden”

vision, designed to raise the profile of the city globally whilst
showcasing the best of horticulture and garden artistry.

• One of the more impressive elements will be the Super trees, which
are tree-like structures ranging in height from 25 metres and 50
metres in height (9 to 16 stories).

• There will be 18 Super trees, which act as vertical gardens

covered with tropical flowering climbers, epiphytes and ferns.
 Gardens By The Bay, Singapore
• During the day, the trees and their huge canopies will provide
shade, shelter and help moderate temperatures.

• Then at night, the canopies will come alive with special lighting
and projected media.

• Eleven of the trees are embedded with solar photovoltaics to

generate electricity for lighting and water technologies to help cool
the conservatories.

• Walkways will connect a couple of the taller Super trees together

so visitors can see the gardens from up high.

• And the 50 meter Super tree will feature a treetop bistro offering
panoramic views of the bay and the surrounding gardens.
Presentation Drawings
THANK YOU