THE MOVEMENT OF SUBSTANCES

ACROSS THE PLASMA MEMBRANE.

ENTER
 THE
PERMEABILITY
STRUCTURE OF P OF THE PLASMA
LASMA MEMBRAN MEMBRANE.
E.
About the plasma membrane.
 Plasma membrane, are composed mainly of
phoslipids and proteins.
 Each phospholipid molecule consists of two
parts:.
 A polar head that gives it a hydrophilic property
[attrated to water], and
 A pair of non-polar fatty acid tails that give it
hydrophobic property [repelled by water].

 Fluid mosaic model proposed by S.J Singer and

G.L Nicholson.
View the picture
s and video..
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G. L. Nicholson S. J. Singer
The permeability of the plasma MAIN
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membrane.
 A membrane is said to be impermeable.
 Plasma membrane partially permeable or semi-
permeable.
 The selective permeability of the plasma
membrane depends on the.
a) Selective barrier of the phospholipid bilayer, and
b) Specific transport proteins built into the
membrane.
 The size and polarity of molecules determine the
movement of these molecules across the plasma
membrane.
 The phospholipid bilayer is permeable to.

Non-polar molecules Small, uncharged

[ lipids soluble]. molecules.
 The phospholipid bilayer is not permeable.

Polar molecules
Charged ions.
[ lipid-insoluble].
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There are two ways in which molecules can moves across the
plasma membrane: passive transport and active transport.
Movement of substances across the plasma membrane.

Passive transport Active transport

Molecules transported Molecules transported

down the concentration against the concentration
gradient . gradient.

Simple Facilitated
diffusion. Osmosis.
diffusion.
Simple diffusion
 Simple diffusion is net movement of molecules or
ions from a region of high concentration to a
region of lower concentration, that is, down the
concentration of a substance between two regions.
 Molecules which move across the plasma
membrane by simple diffusion include:.
i. lipid-soluble molecules such as vitamins A, D, E,
K.
ii. Small molecules such as water and
iii. Dissolved gases such as oxygen and carbon
dioxide.
Osmosis
 Osmosis is the diffusion of water
molecules across a semi-permeable
membrane.
 Water molecules move across the
phospholipid bilayer and pore protein.
Facilitated diffusion
 Facilitated diffusion refers to the
movement of hydrophilic molecules or
ions across the plasma membrane with
the help of transport proteins.
Active transport
 Active transport is the movement of
molecules or ions from region of lower
concentration to a region of higher
concentration [against the concentration
gradient] across the plasma membrane.
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By: UDEYAPRAVENA