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    Measurement involves assigning numbers or symbols to characteristics according to standardized rules that are consistently applied over time. There are four primary scales of measurement: nominal, which assigns numbers without order; ordinal, which ranks items; interval, which measures differences but not ratios; and ratio, which can measure differences and calculate ratios. Proper measurement and scaling are important aspects of research methodology.

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    Measurement involves assigning numbers or symbols to characteristics according to standardized rules that are consistently applied over time. There are four primary scales of measurement: nominal, which assigns numbers without order; ordinal, which ranks items; interval, which measures differences but not ratios; and ratio, which can measure differences and calculate ratios. Proper measurement and scaling are important aspects of research methodology.

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    11 views15 pages

    Research Methodology: Dr. D.Y.Patil Vidyapeeth

    Uploaded by

    vadla sneha
    Measurement involves assigning numbers or symbols to characteristics according to standardized rules that are consistently applied over time. There are four primary scales of measurement: nominal, which assigns numbers without order; ordinal, which ranks items; interval, which measures differences but not ratios; and ratio, which can measure differences and calculate ratios. Proper measurement and scaling are important aspects of research methodology.

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    of 15

    RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

    Dr. D.Y.Patil Vidyapeeth


    Measurement and Scaling

    Measurement means assigning numbers or other


    symbols to characteristics of objects according to
    certain pre-specified rules.
    • One-to-one correspondence between the
    numbers and the characteristics being
    measured.
    • The rules for assigning numbers should be
    standardized and applied uniformly.
    • Rules must not change over objects or time.
    Primary Scales of Measurement

    Scale Fig. 8.1


    Nominal Numbers
    Assigned Finish
    to Runners 7 8 3

    Ordinal Rank Order Finish


    of
    Winners Third Second First
    place
    place place
    Interval Performance
    8.2 9.1 9.6
    Rating on a

    0 to 10 Scale
    15.2 14.1 13.4

    Ratio Time to Finish


    in Seconds

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