SEMINAR ON
                      RAIN WATER HARVESTING

                                                                                                   PRSENTED BY-

                                                                                                 DEEPA MOURYA
                                 CONTENT

• Introduction
• What is rain water harvesting
• Objective & HOW CAN WE HARVEST IT
• USES
• ADVANTAGES &DISADVANTAGES
• Component of rain water harvesting
• conclusion
                      WHAT IS HARVESTING?

Harvesting is defined as storing in such a way that it can be used throughout the year AND
Rain water harvesting is storing of rain water for future useRainwater harvesting puts the
supply of water back to normal levels. It is the collection and storage of water from surfaces
that rain has fallen upon.
   WHAT IS RAIN WATER HARVESTING

• Rainwater harvesting is a technology used for collecting and storing rainwater from
rooftops, the land surface or rock catchments using simple techniques such as jars and pots
as well as more complex techniques such as underground check dams.

  Rainwater harvesting is the accumulation and deposition of rainwater for reuse on-site,
rather than allowing it to run off.
              HOW CAN WE HARVESRT RAIN WATER  ?  

• Broadly there are two ways harvesting rainwater.

•  (i) Surface runoff harvesting . 
• (ii) Roof top rainwater harvesting.
•   Surface runoff harvesting:- In urban area rainwater flows away as surface runoff. This
runoff could be caught and used for recharging aquifers by adopting appropriate methods.
• Roof top harvesting:- it is a system of catching rainwater where it falls. In rooftop
harvesting, the roof becomes the catchments, and the rainwater is collected from the roof of
the house/building. This method is less expensive and very effective.
                             USES OF RAIN WATER

•  Recharge under ground water

•  Gardening 
• Livestock 
•  Drinking purpose 
• for irrigation purpos
           WHY THIS IS REQUIRED?

• Surface water is inadequate to meet our demand and we have to depend on ground water. 
• Environmental Changes. 
• To arrest ground water decline and augment ground water table
•  To beneficiate water quality in aquifers 
•  To conserve surface water runoff during monsoon 
• To reduce soil erosion 
• Due to rapid urbanization, infiltration of rain water into the sub- soil has decreased drastically and recharging of
ground water has diminished etc. 
• Bangalore gets most of its drinking water from a distance of 95 kms. and a depth of 500 mts.
              COMPONENTS OF ROOFTOP RWH

• CATCHMENT
• COUNDUITS 
•  FILTERS 
•  STORAGE FACILITY
                       ADVANTAGES

• Rainwater harvesting technologies are simple to install and operate.

• Local people can be easily trained to implement such technologies, and construction
materials are also readily available. 
• Running costs, also, are almost negligible. 
• Water collected from roof catchments usually is of acceptable quality for domestic
purposes.
                            DISADVANTAGES

• Initial cost may be high. 

•  Regular Maintenance . 
• Vulnerable water quality. 
•  Storage capacity limits.
              RAIN WATER HARVESTING TECHNIQUES

• Roof top rainwater harvesting.

• Surface runoff harvesting .

       ROOF TOP HARVESTING

• it is a system of catching rainwater where it falls. In rooftop harvesting, the roof becomes
the catchments, and the rainwater is collected from the roof of the house/building. This
method is less expensive and very effective.
 SURFACE  RUN OFF HARVESTING

• Harvesting of surface runoff and storage of the same into reservoirs such as water pans
makes it available for use when required.
• In this method of collecting rainwater for irrigation, water flowing along the ground
during the rains will be collected to a tank below the surface of the ground..
                   RWH IN URBAN AREA

•  view of increasing migration to urban area and the emergence of mega-cities in the next millennium, it
is imperative that water supply systems should be evolved to cater for such a development.
• In areas with relatively high rainfall spread throughout the year, where other water resources are scarce, 
RWH is an important option, for example parts of Sri Lanka, Philippines, Indonesia, Nepal and Uganda.
• Installation RWH system is mandatory for the construction of buildings in some towns in India and on
the Virgin Islands, USA.
• Many government agencies and municipalities worldwide provide grants/subsidies and technical know-
how to promote RWH system.
                        FEASBLITY OF RWH

• The size of supply of rainwater depends on the amount of rainfall (R), the area of the catchment (A) and its runoff
coefficient (C). 
•  An estimate of mean annual runoff from a given catchment can be obtained using the equation:
• S  = R * A * C 
• Where    S = Rainwater supply per annum 
• R = mean annual rainfall
• A = Area of the catchment
• C = Runoff coefficient
• The actual amount of rainwater supplied will ultimately depend on the volume of the storage tank or reservoir.
          COMPONENT OF ROOF TOP RWH

• 1- Catchment area
• 2- Transportation
•  3- First flush
• 4- Storage system
• 5- Delivery system
• 6- Filtration system
                      CATCHMENT AREA

• The surface that receives rainfall directly is the catchment of rainwater harvesting system.
It may be terrace, courtyard, or paved or unpaved open ground. Catchment area
                     FIRST FLUSH

• First flush is a device used to flush off the water received in first shower. The first shower
of rains needs to be flushed-off to avoid contaminating storable/rechargeable water by the
probable contaminants of the atmosphere and the catchment roof. It will also help in
cleaning of silt and other material deposited on roof during dry seasons Provisions of first
rain separator should be made at outlet of each drainpipe. First Flush
                  STORAGE SYSTEM

• Rainwater capture and storage system at the modern heritage

property Rainwater harvesting (RWH) is the collection and storage of rain, rather than
allowing it to run off. Rainwater is collected from a roof-like surface and redirected to a
tank, cistern, deep pit (well, shaft, or borehole), aquifer, or a reservoir with percolation.
• It also called rainwater collection system or rainwater catchment system, technology that
collects and stores rainwater for human use. Rainwater harvesting systems range from
simple rain barrels to more elaborate structures with pumps, tanks, and purification
systems.
                        FILTRATION 

• Filters are used for treatment of water to effectively remove turbidity, colour and microorganisms. After first flushing
of rainfall, water should pass through filters. There are different types of filters in practice, but basic function is to
purify water. Filtration system
    These are commonly used filters, constructed by brick masonry and filleted by pebbles, gravel, and sand as shown in
the figure. Each layer should be separated by wire mesh. Sand Gravel Filter
     Charcoal filter can be made in-situ or in a drum. Pebbles, gravel, sand and charcoal as shown in the figure should
fill the drum or chamber. Each layer should be separated by wire mesh. Thin layer of charcoal is used to absorb odor if
any. Charcoal Filter
     This filter can be made by PVC pipe of 1 to 1.20 m length; Diameter of pipe depends on the area of roof. Six inches
dia. pipe is enough for a 1500 Sq. Ft. roof and 8 inches dia. pipe should be used for roofs more then 1500 Sq. Ft. Pipe is
divided into three compartments by wire mesh. PVC- Pipe filter
                    RECHARGING OF GROUND WATER

• Commonly used recharging methods are:-

•  a) Recharging of bore wells b) Recharging of dug wells. c) Recharge pits d) Recharge
Trenches e) Percolation Tanks Recharging ground water aquifers
• Recharging of bore wells
• Recharge Pits
• Soak away or Recharge Shafts
• Recharging of dug wells
                    FEASIBLITY OF RWH

• The technical feasibility of roof RWH as a primary source of water is determined by the
potential of a rainwater to meet the demand more effectively than other alternatives.
• Often the attraction of RWH may be as a supplementary water source to reduce the pressure
on a finite primary source or as a backup during the time of drought or breakdown. 
• The total amount of water that is received in the form of rainfall over an area is called the
rainwater endowment of that area. 
• The collection efficiency accounts for the fact that all the rainwater falling over an area
cannot be effectively harvested.
                              EXAMPLES

• in the state of Tamil Nadu, rainwater harvesting was made compulsory for every building
to avoid ground water depletion. 
•  In Rajasthan, rainwater harvesting has traditionally been practiced by the people of the
Thar Desert. 
•  At present, in Pune (in Maharashtra), rainwater harvesting is compulsory for any new
society to be registered
                         CONCLUSION

• On of the best way to solve the world burning facing issue: Water Scarcity. 
• Most useful for large scale applications. 
•  Saving of energy per lifting of well and saving of Water bills. 
• Harvested water can be used for Daily household needs. 
•  The more the business and industries involved = greater environmental and economic
benefits. 
• Rainwater Harvesting saves water, money and the environment.
                        THANK YOU