PREPARATION OF CHLORINE

4NaCl + MnO2 + 4H2SO4 → MnCl2 + 4NaHSO4 + 2H2O + Cl2

PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
Chlorine is a greenish-yellow gas. It has a pungent
odour.
It has a boiling point of 239.11K and a melting point of
171.6K.
The gas is harmful to nature.
It is 2-5 times denser than air.
It can be effectively condensed or liquefied easily into
greenish yellow liquid
The gas is soluble in water.
CHEMICAL PROPERTIES
Chlorine reacts with a number of metals and non
metals to form chlorides.
2Al + 3Cl2 → 2AlCl3
P4 + 6Cl2 → 4PCl3
2Na + Cl2 → 2NaCl
S8 + 4Cl2 → 4S2Cl2
2Fe + 3Cl2 → 2FeCl3
CHEMICAL PROPERTIES
It has great affinity for hydrogen. It reacts with
compounds containing hydrogen to form HCl.

H2 + Cl2 → 2HCl
H2S + Cl2 → 2HCl + S
C10H16 + 8 Cl2 → 16HCl + 10C
With excess ammonic, chlorine gives nitrogen and
ammonium chloride whereas with excess chlorine,
nitrogen trichloride is formed.
CHEMICAL PROPERTIES
With cold and dilute alkalies chlorine produces a
mixture of chloride and hypochlorite but with hot and
concentrated alkalies it gives chloride and chlorate.

2NaOH + Cl2 → NaCl + NaClO + H2O

Cold and dilute
 
6NaOH + 3Cl2 → 5NaCl + NaClO3 + 3H2O
Hot and conc.
CHEMICAL PROPERTIES
With dry slaked lime it gives bleaching powder.

2Ca(OH)2 + 2Cl2 → Ca(OCl)2 + CaCl2 + 2H2O

Chlorine reacts with hydrocarbons and gives substitution

products with saturated hydrocarbons and addition
products with unsaturated hydrocarbons
CH4 + Cl2 → CH3Cl + HCl
C2H4 + Cl2 → C2H4Cl2
CHEMICAL PROPERTIES
Chlorine water on standing loses its yellow colour due
to the formation of HCl and HCLO. Hypochlorous acid
so formed, gives nascent oxygen which is responsible
for oxidising and bleaching properties of chlorine.
It is a powerful bleaching agent . Bleaching action is
due to oxidation and is permanent.
Cl2 + H2O → 2HCl + O
Coloured substance + O → colourless substance
It bleaches vegetable or organic matter in the presence
of moisture.
 CHEMICAL PROPERTIES
It is a very good oxidising agent and oxidises ferrous to ferric, sulphite to
sulphate, sulphur dioxide to sulphuric acid and iodine to iodic acid.

2FeSO4 + H2SO4 + Cl2 → Fe2(SO4)3 + 2HCl

Na2SO3 + Cl2 + H2O → Na2SO4 + 2HCl
SO2 + 2H2O + Cl2 → H2SO4 + 2HCl
I2 + 6H2O + 5 Cl2 → 2HIO3 + 10HCl
 USES
Bleaching wood pulp, cotton and textiles
Extraction of gold and platinum
Manufacture of dyes, drugs and organic compounds
such as DDT, refrigerants, chloroform and carbon
tetrachloride.
In sterilizing drinking water
Preparation of poisonous gases such as phosgene
COCl2 tear gas CCl3NO2 and mustard gas
(CH2CH2Cl)2S