Pumpturbines

Turbine mode
1

2 5
3 4

c12 c 22
1-2: h1  z1 
2g
 h2  z2 
2g
 Loss1 2

c 22 c32
2-3: h 2  z2   h 3  z3   H nt
2g 2g

c 32 c 24
3-4: h 3  z3   h 4  z4   Loss3 4
2g 2g

c 24 c52
4-5: h 4  z4   h 5  z5   Loss 45
2g 2g
 Turbine mode
1

2 5
3 4

c12 c 52
h1  z1   h 5  z5   Loss1 2  H nt  Loss3 4  Loss 45
2g 2g

 c12  c52 
H nt   h1  h 5    z1  z 5      Loss1 2  Loss3 4  Loss 45
 2g 

H nt  z1  z 5  Loss1 2  Loss3 4  Loss 4 5
 Pump mode
1

2 5
3 4

c 52 c 24
5-4: h 5  z5 
2g
 h 4  z4 
2g
 Loss 45

c 24 c 32
4-3: h 4  z4 
2g
 h 3  z3 
2g
 Loss3 4

c 32 c 22
3-2: h 3  z3 
2g
 H np  h2  z2 
2g

c 22 c12
2-1: h 2  z2 
2g
 h1  z1 
2g
 Loss1 2
 Pump mode
1

2 5
3 4

c 52 c12
h 5  z5   h1  z1   Loss1 2  H np  Loss3 4  Loss45
2g 2g

 c12  c 52 
H np   h1  h 5    z1  z 5      Loss1 2  Loss3 4  Loss45
 2g 

H np  z1  z 5  Loss1 2  Loss3 4  Loss 45
Pump versus turbine mode
1

2 5
3 4

H nt  z1  z 5  Loss1 2  Loss3 4  Loss45

H np  z1  z 5  Loss1 2  Loss3 4  Loss 45

Euler’s equation for
pump and turbine
H np  g
p 
u 1  c u1  u 2  c u 2

u 1  c u1  u 2  c u 2
t 
H nt  g

2
Specific energy turbine mode: Ent = g·Hnt

Specific energy pump mode: Ept = g·Hnp

Static pressure (Q=0): Hst

Theoretic head (turbine mode): Htt

Theoretic head (pump mode): Htp

u1  c u1  u 2  c u 2 H tt  g E tt
t   
H nt  g H nt  g E nt

Hnt< Hst because of the head loss

H np  g H np  g E np
p   
u 1  c u1  u 2  c u 2 H tp  g E tp

Hnp> Hst because of the head loss

We assume:
Frictionless flow
Hnt = Hnp
No swirl at the outlet (turbine mode)
Cu2 = 0

For the turbine the Euler equation can be written as:

u 1  c u1
t 
H nt  g

u1   0,5  g  H nt
u1   t
2  g  H nt c u1

For the pump:

H np  g
p 
u 1  c u1

u1 0,5  g  H np
u1  
2  g  H np  p  c u1
We assumes that:
Speed is the same in both turbine and pump
mode (u1 is the same for both pump and turbine)

From the equations we can derive:

t  0,5  g  H nt 0,5  g  H np

c u1turbine p  c u1pump

c u1turbine  t  p  c u1pump

This means: c u1turbine  c u1pump

For a pump turbine the
following yields:
• Hnt < Hnp
• We can not achieve no swirl
condition in both turbine and pump
mode on the low pressure side (inlet
of the pump and outlet of the turbine)

c u1turbine  t  p  c u1pump

• The equation above show that the pump turbine has to

be designed for a higher head than the theoretical head.
• The pump will be designed with the assumption: u1 =
0,95
 Bajina Basta, Yugoslavia

D0 = 5,6 m Turbine mode: Pump mode:

De = 4,7 m *Q = 61,8 m3/s *Q = 41,8 m3/s
Di = 2,2 m *H = 554 m *H = 602 m
*P = 294 MW *P = 281 MW
B0 = 0,31 m
Mount Hope