What happens if

we take one leg

from a chair? Or
a table? Or a
bed?
Valence
Electrons
Electronegativity and ionization energy
Learning Goals

1 2 3
Identify the number Illustrate electron Compare
of valence electrons dot structure of the electronegativity and
of each atoms atom with the ionization energy
valence electrons values of metals and
non-metals
An atom is said to be stable
if the number of valence
electron is a total of 8
electrons  according to the
octet rule
 • are defined as
electrons in the
atom’s
outermost
orbital
• These electrons
Valence are important
Electrons because they are
involved in
chemical
bonding.
• Electrons not in
the outermost
shell are called
core electrons.
Valence
Electrons

• How many
valence
electrons in
this atom?
• What group
would it be ?
Electron Dot Structure

• Electron-dot structure
consists of the element’s
symbol representing the
nucleus, surrounded by
dots representing the
element’s valence
electrons.
 Lewis
Symbol for
the Element
Argon.

For Argon (Ar), it belongs to Group 8A

Electron Dot Structure

Write the electron-dot

structures for the
following elements:
•Li
•N
•Ne
Electron Dot
Structure of Lithium
Electron dot structure of
Nitrogen
 Electron
dot
structure of
Neon
1. Which one has the highest and the least number of valence
electrons (group number)?  

2. Based on the Octet rule, were all of the Group A Elements

stable?  

3. If we follow the octet rule, how many electrons do the Elements

under Group 5A lack  to be stable?

4. What about the Elements from Group 1A?

 What can you
say about the
structure of the
two elements
when it comes to
the stability?
ELECTRONEGATIVITY
IS LIKE A TUG OF
WAR
The ability of an
atom to  attract
electron to itself is
called
electronegativity

Electronegativity is
a measure of how
strongly atoms
attract bonding
electrons to
themselves.
 Once the two
combine, they
achieved 
stability (total of
8 valence
electrons) by
forming a
compound
known as Sodium
chloride  (NaCl)
or commonly
known as table
salt.  
 Ionization Energy

•The energy required to

remove an electron from a
neutral atom

• When an atom gives up

or accepts an electron,
it’s called  ionization.
What is the corresponding number of dots
(number of valence electrons) of this elements.

K Cl
•Which of the element
is more electronegative
by just merely  looking
at the Lewis symbol?

•Which of the Elements

is more electronegative,
this time by  comparing
their electronegativity
values in the periodic
table?  

•Which Element would

most likely to give up
electron,  respectively?

•Notice what kind of

Elements mostly give
up electrons?
Write the Lewis Symbol of the common metals
and non-metals and show the relationships among
the number of valence electron, electronegativity, and
ionization energy.

Element Family/ Lewis Electronegativity

Value
Ionization
Group Structure energy
Lithium        
Flourine        
Sulfur        
Sodium        
Potassium        
1.What is valence electron? And what do
we use to represent this?
2.What is ionization energy ? How about
electronegativity?
3.How do you compare the
electronegativity and ionization of metals
to nonmetals?
Multiple Choice. Circle the letter of the best
answer. 
1.How many valence electron does Br (Bromine ) have?
A.2 B. 4 C. 7 D.8

2.Which type of elements has lower electronegativity? 

A. Metal C. Noble Gases 
B. Metalloids/semi-metal D. Non-metal 

3.Which of the following groups has the greater

possibility to donate electrons?
A. Group IIA B. Group IVA
B. C. Group VA D. Group VIIIA 
4. In Lewis structure, the number of dots
depends on the group (group A) number the 
Element belongs. How many dots should be
placed around the symbol for the Lewis 
structure of Carbon (C)? 
A. 4 B. 5 C. 7 D. 8 

5. Octet rule refers to the tendency of an atom

to attain the most stable number valence 
electron. How many valence electrons does it
require? 
A. 4 B. 5 C. 7 D. 8