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Ventilation
Ventilation
Ventilation
Aims
Respiratory Failure
Cardiopulmonary arrest
Trauma Events
Cardiovascular impairment
Neurological impairment
Pulmonary impairment
Procedures requiring sedation/paralysis
Goals
Treat hypoxemia/hypercapnia
Relieve respiratory distress/reverse
fatigue
Decrease Myocardial O2 demand
Prevention or reversal of atelectasis
Breath for the sedated/paralysed
patient
Stabilise the chest wall
Contra-Indications
TIDAL VOLUME
Tidal Volume
Definition –
VT is inspired or expired
in a single breath
during regular
breathing’
Volume Modes
Advantages Disadvantages
Definition –
M V
‘the total volume of gas
in litres expelled from
the lungs per minute’
Pressure
PAP or PIP
Peak Airway
(inspiratory) Pressures
Peak Airway (Inspiratory)
Pressures
P ip Definition –
P ap
pressure applied to the
lungs during inhalation
expressed in cmh2o’
P peak
Pressure Modes
Advantages Disadvantages
IPPV
IPPV
Advantages Disadvantages
BiPAP
BiPAP
Advantages Disadvantages
Spontaneous modes
are-
Triggered
Cycled
Airway:
Aspiration pneumonia
Trauma to trachea during
intubation
Hypoxia prior to / during
intubation
Laryngeal oedema
Occlusion of blood supply to
trachea (if cuff pressures to
high)
Sinus infection
Complications of invasive ventilation
Mechanical:
Ventilator malfunction.
Ventilator circuit: occlusion,
kinks, bronchospasm,
disconnection & biting.
Barotrauma / Volutrauma
can rupture alveoli, causing
pneumothorax.
Complications of invasive ventilation