21 Gprs Principle Issue2.0

Internal
OMQ000001 GPRS
Principle
ISSUE 2.0 www.huawei.com
HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. All rights reserved

GPRS principle is the basic part of the
whole GPRS system and the
succeeding products learning. This slide
will help us to understand the GPRS
system networking and wireless
subsystem etc.
HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. All rights reserved Page 2

References
 GPRS principle
 31025698 - M900/M1800 PCU Technical

Manual-(V3.35)
 GPRS protocol
 0360
 0464
 GSM protocol
 0816
 0818

 Upon completion of this course, you will
be able to:
 Know the GPRS system structure
 Describe the GPRS important
interfaces
 Understand the GPRS channel
structures
 Master the GPRS relevant numbering

Chapter 1 GPRS System Structure
Chapter 2 GPRS Network Interfaces & Protocols
Chapter 3 GPRS Wireless Subsystem
Chapter 4 GPRS Numbering
Chapter 5 GPRS Mobility Management (GMM)

GSM Development Evolution
3G
2Mbps
2.5G IMT-2000
384kbps
EDGE
2G 115 kbps
57.6 kbps GPRS
9.6 kbps HSCSD
GSM

What is GPRS and EDGE?
 Abbreviation of General Packet Radio Service.
 GPRS is an end-to-end packet switching technology provided on the basis
of GSM technology.
 It has much interactive services with the existing GSM circuit switching
system.
 GPRS supports wireless access rate of up to 171.2Kbps.
 EDGE (Enhanced Data Rates for GSM Evolution)
 EGPRS (Enhanced GPRS)

− EGPRS supports wireless access rate of up to 473.6Kbps.
 ECSD (Enhanced CSD, Enhanced HSCSD-High Speed Circuit Switched Data)

GPRS system structure
SMS-GMSC SM-SC
SMS-IWMSC
HLR
MSC/VLR
EIR
SS7
Gs Gd Gr Gf Gc
Gn
Gb Gi
MS BSS SGSN GGSN Internet TE
FR
Um
ATM/
Gi
DDN/
Gn ISDN/ GGSN X .25 TE
Ethernet, etc
GPRS
Gb backbone
MS BSS SGSN BG CG
FR
Um Gp
Other PLMN

GPRS MS
Class A
The MS is attached to both GPRS and other GSM services and the
MS supports simultaneous operation of GPRS and other GSM
services.
Class B
The MS is attached on GPRS network and GSM network simultaneo
usly but not enabling circuit switching and packet switching services at
the same time.
services are selected automatically.
Class C
The MS is attached to either GPRS or other GSM services. Alternate
use only.
services are selected manually or default selected service.

Functions of GPRS BSS
 Packet wireless resources management function (RLC/MAC
protocol function)
 System message broadcast
 Packet paging processing
 Wireless channel configuration
 Wireless resources allocation
 Wireless link monitoring
 Power control
 Channel coding/decoding control
 Cell rerouting control
 Uplink traffic control (wireless QoS guarantee)

Functions of GPRS BSS
 Gb interface processing function
 Data packet relay on wireless interface and Gb interface

 Mobility management (cell updating procedure)
 Downlink traffic control (wireless QoS guarantee)

Packet processing functions of BTS
 RF processing function
 Function of physical layer of wireless interface
 Channel coding/decoding and adjustment
 Packet logic channel mapping
 time advance value self-adaptive adjustment
 Uplink measurement
 Downlink power control execution
 G-Abis interface processing function
 Transmission of RLC/MAC control block and data block
 Synchronization mechanism with TDMA block of PCU
 Uplink measurement report
 Transmission check
 Other inner-band signaling functions

Packet processing functions of BSC
 Packet wireless resource management function
 Packet channel configuration

 TBF establishment procedure when PBCCH is not configured in the cell
 Circuit paging coordination
 G-Ais interface physical layer switching
 Pb interface switching function
 Similar to the relative functions of PCU

Functions of PCU
 Packet wireless resource management function (RLC/
MAC protocol function)

 Wireless resource management functions of GPRS BSS
 Circuit paging coordination
 Function related with GPRS BTS

Functions of PCU
 Pb interface processing function
 LAPD link between BSC and PCU

 Layer-3 signaling between BSC and PCU
 Gb interface processing function
 Data packet relay on wireless interface and Gb interface

 Mobility management (cell updating procedure)
 Downlink traffic control (wireless QoS guarantee)

Position of PCU
Um
BTS BSC GSN

CCU Gb
PCU A
CCU
Abis
BTS BSC GSN

CCU Gb B
PCU
CCU
BTS BSC GSN

CCU
PCU C
CCU
Gb
CCU=Channel Codec Unit
PCU= Packet Control Unit

Position of Huawei PCU
CCU
BSC
BTS
CCU
SGSN
PCU
CCU Gb
BSC
BTS
CCU Pb
Abis
Um

GPRS(BSS side) upgrade to EDGE
EDGE
TRX
upgrade BTS Upgrade BSC Upgrade PCU
software and software software
hardware - new EDGE
TRX

Functions of SGSN
 Network access control (MS side)
 Authentication
 Billing information collection
 IMEI check
 Logic link management
 SGSN-MS logic link management

 Supporting acknowledged/unacknowledged transmission
 Route management
 SGSN-BSS data transmission route management

 Mobility management and session management

Functions of SGSN
 Route and tunnel transmission

 Compression and decompression
 Encryption and decryption
 Storage and transfer of subscriber data
 Routing: executed with PDP context
 Address translation and mapping: including DNS and GGSN a
ddress induced from APN
 Encapsulation and tunnel transmission

Functions of GGSN
 Network access control (external PDN side)
 Message filtering
 Billing information collection
 Mobility management and session management
 Routing and transfer
 Storage and transfer

 Routing
 Address translation and mapping
 Encapsulation and tunnel transmission
 Dynamic allocation of IP addresses

Functions of CG
 Real-time collection of GPRS bills
 Temporary storage and buffering of GPRS bills
 Pre-processing of GPRS bills
 Sending GPRS bills to the billing center

Functions of BG
 BG enables the following protocols necessary for interworking bet
ween operators
 Security protocol: IPSec and firewall are recommended
 Routing protocol: BGP is recommended
 Billing protocol: determined by the operators with negotiation; BG mi
ght be needed in collecting billing information
 It is normally based on routers
 It can be configured in combination with GGSN

Functions of MSC/VLR
When Gs interface is installed, MSC/VLR can support

 Establishment and maintenance of the association between SG
SN and MSC/VLR.
 GPRS combined mobility management procedure.
 Combined IMSI/GPRS attachment/detachment.

 Combined location area/routing area updating.
 Circuit paging coordination function.
The wireless resource usage can be greatly improved.

Functions of HLR/AUC
 Saving and updating GPRS subscriber subscription data
 User authentication
 Providing location/routing information and processing needed in
mobility management and routing, for example:

 Saving and updating user service SGSN number and address
 GPRS user location deletion indication
 Whether MS is reachable.
 Subscriber tracing (optional)

Functions of SMS-GMSC/SMS-IWMSC
 After Gd interface is installed, short messages can be sent via
GPRS, which reduces the occupation on SDCCH and cuts do

wn the influence on voice services by SMS services.
 The operator can select to send SMS via MSC or SGSN.


Network interface types
GPRS
backbone netwo
SGSN
SGSN rk
Gn GGSN
GGSN
Gi
IP interface
SGSN
SGSN
PDP network
(IP/X.25)
SS7 interface
Gc
Gb Gd
Gr
MT
Gs
TE
Um A SMS-
BSS MSC HLR
GMSC
MS

Data transmission plane
Application
IP/X.25 IP/X.25 IP/X.25
relay GTP GTP

SNDCP SNDCP
LLC LLC UDP/TCP UDP/TCP

L2 (MAC)
RLC RLC relay BSSGP BSSGP IP IP
Network Service
MAC MAC Service L2 L2
Network
Physical Physical Physical Physical Physical Physical Physical

Layer Layer Layer Layer Layer Layer Layer
Um Gb Gn Gi
MS BSS SGSN GGSN
 MAC: Media Access Control  BSSGP: BSS GPRS Protocol
 RLC: Radio Link Control  SNDCP: Sub-Network Dependency Convergence Protocol
 LLC: Logical Link Control  GTP: GPRS Tunneling Protocol

MS-SGSN signaling plane
GMM/SM GMM/SM
LLC LLC
relay
Relay
RLC RLC BSSGP BSSGP
MAC MAC Network Network

Service Service
GSM RF GSM RF L1bis L1bis
Um Gb
MS BSS SGSN
 GMM: GPRS Mobility Management
 SM: Session Management

Functions of physical layer
 Physical layer consists of RF sub-layer and physical link sub-layer
 RF sub-layer
− modulation and demodulation.
 Physical sub-layer
− error check, interleaving.
− Radio channel measurement, including receiving signal level and quality
measurement, TA measurement, physical link layer congestion
measurement.
− Radio management function, including cell selection and reselection
procedures, power control procedure of transmitter, battery power
management procedure, such as DRX.

Functions of RLC/MAC
 RLC/MAC layer service
 The RLC/MAC function supports two modes of operation

− Unacknowledged operation
− Acknowledged operation
 RLC/MAC layer functions
 The RLC function defines the procedures for segmentation and reassemble
of LLC PDUs into RLC/MAC blocks and, in RLC acknowledged mode of
operation, for the Backward Error Correction (BEC) procedures enabling the
selective retransmission of unsuccessfully delivered RLC/MAC blocks.
 The MAC function defines the procedures that enable multiple mobile stations to share
a common transmission medium, which may consist of several physical channels. The
function may allow a mobile station to use several physical channels in parallel, i.e. use
several timeslots within the TDMA frame.

NS layer definition
The Network Service performs the transport of NS SDUs(Service Data
Unit ) between the SGSN and BSS.

The Network Service entity is composed of the Sub-Network Service
and the Network Service Control.
Network Service
Network Service Control /
Network Service Control Protocol
Sub-Network Service /
Sub-Network Service Protocol

NS layer composition
 The Network Service Control
− the peer-to-peer communication between remote NS user entities is
performed over BSSGP Virtual Connections (BVCs).
− A BVC is a virtual communication path between Network Service user peer
entities.
 The Sub-Network Service
− The Network Service Control peer entities use the Sub-Network Service for
communication with each other.
− The peer-to-peer communication across the Gb interface between remote
Network Service Control entities is performed over Network Service Virtual
Connections (NS-VCs).
− An NS-VC is a virtual communication path between Network Service Control
peer entities.

Functions of NS
 NS is responsible for
 NS SDU transmission
− The NS SDUs shall be transmitted on the NS-VCs. The NS SDUs
are encapsulated into Network Service Control PDUs which in turn
are encapsulated into Sub-Network Service PDUs.
 Load sharing
− The load sharing function distributes the NS SDU traffic amongst the
available (i.e. unblocked) NS-VCs.
 NS-VC management
− A blocking procedure is used when an NS-VC becomes unavailable
for NS user traffic.
− An unblocking procedure is used for the reverse operation.
 Network congestion indication
− Congestion reporting mechanisms available in the Sub-Network
Service implementation shall be used by the Network Service to
report congestion.

Functions of BSSGP
 The primary function of BSSGP is to provide the radio-
related, QoS, and routeing information that is required to

transmit user data between a BSS and an SGSN.
 In the BSS, it acts as an interface between LLC frames and
RLC/MAC blocks.
 In the SGSN, it forms an interface between RLC/MAC-derived
information and LLC frames.
 A secondary function is to enable two physically distinct
nodes, the SGSN and BSS, to operate node management

control functions.

Functions of LLC
 Logical Link Control (LLC): This layer provides a highly reliable

ciphered logical link between an MS and its SGSN.
 LLC includes functions for
 the provision of one or more logical link connections discriminated
between by means of a DLCI.
 sequence control, to maintain the sequential order of frames
across a logical link connection.
 detection of transmission, format and operational errors on a
logical link connection.
 recovery from detected transmission, format, and operational
errors.
 notification of unrecoverable errors.
 flow control.
 ciphering.

SGSN ‑ MSC/VLR signaling plane
BSSAP+ BSSAP+
SCCP SCCP
MTP3 MTP3
MTP2 MTP2
L1 L1
SGSN Gs MSC/VLR
 Gs interface is the optional interface.
 It adopts BSSAP+ protocol to enable combined mobility management and
paging functions so as to improve the effective usage of wireless resources.

Network operation mode (Paging co-ordination)
Paging co-ordination means that the network sends paging messages for
circuit-switched services on the same channel as used for packet-switched
services, i.e., on the GPRS paging channel or on the GPRS traffic channel, and
the MS needs only to monitor that channel.
Circuit Paging GPRS Paging Paging co-ordination

Mode
Channel Channel
Packet Paging Channel Packet Paging Channel Yes (Gs interface is
Network Operation Mode present, all MSC-
CCCH Paging Channel CCCH Paging Channel
I originated paging of
GPRS-attached MSs shall
Packet Data Channel Not Applicable
go via the SGSN)
Network Operation Mode

CCCH Paging Channel CCCH Paging Channel No (Gs interface is not
II 
present, all MSC-
CCCH Paging Channel Packet Paging Channel originated paging of
Network Operation Mode GPRS-attached MSs shall
III CCCH Paging Channel CCCH Paging Channel go via the A interface)


Physical channel
The same as in GSM

 The same frequency Application
 The modulation mode

IP/X25
 The same TDMA frame definition
 The same burst pulse definition SNDCP
 … LLC
RLC RLC Relay

BSSGP
 The differences between GPRS and GSM Frame
MAC MAC relay
 The Multi-frame structure Physical Physical Physical
Layer Layer Layer
 The channel coding
 … MS BSS

Packet logic channels
Packet Data CHannel (PDCH)
Packet service channel Packet control channel
PBCCH PCCCH PDCCH

BCCH
PDTCH/U PDTCH/D PACCH

PPCH PRACH PAGCH PNCH
TCH
PCH, RACH, AGCH
PTCCH/U PTCCH/D
SACCH
 The specific type of PDCH (except PRACH) is determined by RLC/MAC head
and RLC/MAC control message type.

Channel abbreviation
 Packet Data Traffic CHannel Uplink - PDTCH/U

 Packet Data Traffic CHannel Downlink - PDTCH/D
 Packet Broadcast Control CHannel - PBCCH
 Packet Common Control CHannel - PCCCH
 Packet Dedicated Control Channel - PDCCH
 Packet Paging CHannel - PPCH
 Packet Random Access CHannel - PRACH
 Packet Access Grant CHannel - PAGCH
 Packet Notification CHannel - PNCH
 Packet Associated Control CHannel - PACCH
 Packet Timing advance Control CHannel Uplink - PTCCH/U
 Packet Timing advance Control CHannel Downlink - PTCCH/D

PDTCH (Packet Data Traffic CHannel)
 PDTCH transmits the user data in the
mode of packet switching with a transm

Packet service channel
ission rate of 0~22.8kbit/s.
 All packet data traffic channels are uni-

PDTCH/U PDTCH/D
directional.
 Uplink (PDTCH/U) for a mobile originat
ed packet transfer.
 Downlink (PDTCH/D) for a mobile term

inated packet transfer.

PBCCH (Packet Broadcast Control CHannel)
 The PBCCH broadcasts parameters used by

the MS to access the network for packet
transmission operation. Packet control channel
 The PBCCH also carries the information

transmitted via the BCCH to allow circuit
PBCCH
switching operation.
 The MS in GPRS attached mode
monitors the PBCCH only, if PBCCH is
available, otherwise, the BCCH shall be
used to broadcast information for packet
operation.
 The existence of the PBCCH in the cell is
indicated on the BCCH via SI13.

PCCCH (Packet Common Control CHannel)
 PPCH
 Downlink only, used to page MS.
PCCCH
 PRACH
 Uplink only, used to request allocation of one
or several PDTCH/Us or PDTCH/Ds.
 PAGCH
PPCH PRACH PAGCH PNCH
 Downlink only, used to allocate one or severa
l PDTCHs.
 PNCH
 Downlink only, used to notify MS of PTM-M c
all.
 If no PCCCH is allocated, the information fo
r packet switching operation is transmitted o
n the CCCH. If a PCCCH is allocated, it ma
y transmit information for circuit switching o
peration.

PDCCH (Packet dedicated control channels)
 PACCH
PDCCH
 Bi-directional, used to transmit the
packet signaling in data transmission.
 PTCCH/U PACCH
 Used to transmit random access bursts
to allow estimation of the timing PTCCH/U PTCCH/D
advance for one MS in packet transfer
mode.
 PTCCH/D
 Used to transmit timing advance

updates for several MS. One PTCCH/D
is paired with several PTCCH/U's.

Combinations of packet logic channel
Mode 1: PBCCH+PCCCH+PDTCH+PACCH+PTCCH
Mode 2: PCCCH+PDTCH+PACCH+PTCCH
With the increase of traffic, the

packet public channel should be
configured in the cell. Channel
combination mode 1 and mode 2
should be adopted.
Mode 3: PDTCH+PACCH+PTCCH
In case of small GPRS traffic, GPRS a

nd circuit services use the same BCC
Mode 4: PBCCH+PCCCH H and CCCH in the cell. In this case, o
nly combination mode 3 is needed in t
(PCCCH=PPCH+PRACH+PAGCH+PNCH ） he cell.

Mapping of packet logic channel
PDCH 52 multi-frame mapping
X = Idle frame T = Frame used for PTCCH B0 ~ B11 = Radio blocks
 A radio block is a 4-normal-burst sequence that carries a RLC/MAC PDU (Protocol Da

ta Unit).
 The mapping of logical channels onto the radio blocks is defined by means of the
ordered list of blocks (B0, B6, B3, B9, B1, B7, B4, B10, B2, B8, B5, B11).

DL
UL
SCH SCH SCH
BCCH BCCH BCCH
BCCH BCCH BCCH
BCCH BCCH BCCH
BCCH BCCH BCCH
CCCH CCCH CCCH
CCCH CCCH CCCH
CCCH CCCH CCCH
CCCH CCCH CCCH
4)
FCCCH FCCCH FCCCH
SCH SCH SCH
CCCH CCCH CCCH
CCCH CCCH CCCH
CCCH CCCH CCCH
CCCH CCCH CCCH
CCCH CCCH CCCH
CCCH CCCH CCCH
HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD.

CCCH CCCH CCCH
CCCH CCCH CCCH
FCCCH FCCCH FCCCH
SCH SCH SCH
S D C C H /4 (0 ) S D C C H /4 (0 ) CCCH
S D C C H /4 (0 ) S D C C H /4 (0 ) CCCH
S D C C H /4 (0 ) S D C C H /4 (0 ) CCCH
S D C C H /4 (0 ) S D C C H /4 (0 ) CCCH
S D C C H 4 /( 1 ) S D C C H 4 /(1 ) CCCH
S D C C H 4 /( 1 ) S D C C H 4 /(1 ) CCCH
S D C C H 4 /( 1 ) S D C C H 4 /(1 ) CCCH
S D C C H 4 /( 1 ) S D C C H 4 /(1 ) CCCH
FCCCH FCCCH FCCCH
FCCH+SCH+BCCH+CCCH
SCH SCH SCH

F ig u r e 8 a : T D M A f r a m e m a p p in g f o r F C C H + S C H + B C C H + C C C H
All rights reserved

S D C C H $ /( 2 ) S D C C H $ /(2 ) CCCH
S D C C H $ /( 2 ) S D C C H $ /(2 ) CCCH
S D C C H $ /( 2 ) S D C C H $ /(2 ) CCCH
F ig u r e 8 b : T D M A f r a m e m a p p in g f o r F C C H + S C H + B C C H + C C C H + S D C C H /4 ( 0 ...3 ) + S A C C H /4 ( 0 ...3 )
S D C C H $ /( 2 ) S D C C H $ /(2 ) CCCH
S D C C H 4 /( 3 ) S D C C H 4 /(3 ) CCCH
FCCH+SCH+BCCH+CCCH+SDCCH/4+SACCH/4
S D C C H 4 /( 3 ) S D C C H 4 /(3 ) CCCH
S D C C H 4 /( 3 ) S D C C H 4 /(3 ) CCCH
S D C C H 4 /( 3 ) S D C C H 4 /(3 ) CCCH
FCCCH FCCCH FCCCH
Page 50 SCH SCH SCH
S A C C H /C 4 (2 ) S A C C H /C 4 ( 0 ) CCCH
S A C C H /C 4 ( 2 ) S A C C H /C 4 ( 0 ) CCCH
Multi-frame structure comparison bet. PS and CS
51 multi-frame mapping of Circuit Switching logic channel

52 multi-frame mapping of Packet Switching logic channel
ID L E ID L E ID L E
PBCCH+PCCCH (BS_PBCCH_ BLKS=2 、 BS_PAG_BLKS _RES=3 、 BS_PRACH_BLKS=
Packet wireless channel configurations
 Reason of adopting static PDCH
 To enable that GPRS MS is constantly online in the cell.

 To ensure certain QoS of GPRS services.
 Reason of adopting dynamic PDCH
 GPRS and GSM share wireless resources.

 Wireless resources should be adopted in priority; on the other hand,
QoS of voice services should be ensured.
 In a cell, the percentage of packet switching services and the
percentage of circuit switching services are constantly changing.
 Dynamic PDCH is not visible for voice services.

Packet wireless channel configurations
 General principles
 The cell should be configured with static PDCH to enable MS to be normally att
ached on GPRS network as well as certain QoS of GPRS services.
 Dynamic PDCH should be configured according to the GPRS traffic forecast, w
hich should be adjusted as TCH or PDCH usable in the operation process acco
rding to the cell traffic status.
 Circuit switching services can seize the channel used by GPRS services.

Allocation of wireless packet resources
TS 0 B0 B1 B2 B3 B4 B5 B6 B7 B8 B9 B10 B11
TS 1 B0 B1 B2 B3 B4 B5 B6 B7 B8 B9 B10 B11
TS 2 B0 B1 B2 B3 B4 B5 B6 B7 B8 B9 B10 B11
MS1 MS2 MS3
 Wireless resource allocation and wireless transmission adopt the wireless block (BLOCK) as the ba
sic unit.
 Each PDCH can be used by several MSs; each MS can use multiple PDCHs at the same time.

Transmission principle of data packet on Um interface
Subscriber IP packet
SNDCP PDU
LLC PDU
RLC/MAC block
Normal burst Normal burst Normal burst Normal burst Physical layer
RLC/MAC head LLC head SNDCP head Subscriber data LLC FCS

RLC/MAC block structure (GPRS)
RLC/MAC data block
An RLC/MAC block containing an RLC data block may be encoded using any of the
available channel coding schemes CS-1, CS-2, CS-3, or CS-4. RLC/MAC blocks
encoded using CS-1 do not contain spare bits.
RLC/MAC block
RLC data block
MAC
RLC header RLC data unit Spare
header
bits
RLC/MAC control block
An RLC/MAC control blocks shall always be encoded using the coding scheme CS-1.
RLC/MAC block
MAC header RLC/MAC control block

RLC/MAC block structure (EGPRS)
RLC/MAC data block
Dissimilar to GPRS
RLC/MAC block
RLC/MAC header RLC data block 1 RLC data block 2
(conditional)
RLC/MAC control block
Similar to GPRS
RLC/MAC block
MAC header RLC/MAC control block

PDCH coding mode
Kbps 59.2
60.00
54.4
50.00
GPRS 44.8
EGPRS
40.00
29.6
30.00
21.4 22.4
20.00 17.6
15.6 14.8
13.4
11.2
9.05 8.8
10.00
0.00
CS-1 CS-2 CS-3 CS-4 MCS-1MCS-2MCS-3MCS-4MCS-5MCS-6MCS-7MCS-8MCS-9
GMSK 8PSK
Huawei EDGE test result
 Downlink, 4 TS, MCS-9 ：

Medium access modes
 Uplink resource allocation mode
 Dynamic allocation : MS determines the blocks on each PDCH.
 Fixed allocation : fixed bit mapping is adopted to determine the allocated blocks
in the allocation period.
 Extended dynamic allocation : MS determines the blocks on multiple PDCH.
 Either the Dynamic Allocation medium access mode or Fixed Allocation medium
access mode shall be supported by all mobile stations and all networks that
support GPRS. The support of Extended Dynamic Allocation is optional for the
network.
 Downlink resource allocation mode
 Dynamic allocation and fixed allocation.
 The difference between the dynamic mode and the fixed mode lies on the downl
ink measurement time scheduling reserved by MS.

MS multi-TS ability
 Concept of MS multi-TS ability
 Definition: the multi-TS ability level is 1-29; the bigger the level, the stro
nger the multi-TS ability.
 three elements(1 <= Rx + Tx <= Sum):
− Rx ： maximum receiving TS number (downlink TS)
− Tx ： maximum transmission TS number (uplink TS)
− Sum ： maximum total TS number
 BSS allocates resources according to the MS multi-TS ability, requeste
d QoS and current resource configuration.

Power control
 Power control can improve the spectrum usage and system capacity as w
ell as reduce MS power consumption.

 As there is no continuous bi-directional connection in the packet data trans
mission process, GPRS power control is very complicated.

 Uplink power control includes open-loop and close-loop power control.
 About downlink power control, there is no specific definition in protocol. It li
es on the BTS and its algorithm needs information about downlink, so dow
nlink power control needs MS sends channel quality reports to BTS.

Network control modes
 During the network controlled cell re-selection, the network may requ
est measurement reports from the MS and control its cell re-selectio
n. Hence, three types of mode are defined as follows:
 NC0: Normal MS controls. The MS shall perform autonomous cell r
e-selection.
 NC1: MS control with measurement reports. The MS shall send me
asurement reports to the network. The MS shall perform autonomo
us cell re-selection.
 NC2: Network control. The MS shall send measurement reports to
the network. The MS shall not perform autonomous cell re-selectio
n.
 The network subsystem must support NC0 and should gradually sup
port NC1 and NC2.


CGI
MCC MNC LAC CI
Location Area Identification
Cell Global Identification
 MCC (Mobile Country Code): It consists of 3 digits .

 For example: The MCC of China is "460"
 MNC (Mobile Network Code): It consists of 2 digits .
 For example: The MNC of China Mobile is "00"
 LAC (Location Area Code): It is a two bytes BCD code (hex).
 The value 0000 and FFFF is invalid.
 CI (Cell Identity): This code uses two bytes BCD code (hex) to identify
the radio cells within a LAI.
 For example : 460-00-0011-0001

RAI
MCC MNC LAC RAC
Location Area Identification
Routing Area Identification
 Routing area is the sub-set of the location area. In special cases, the two
areas are equal

 The division of the routing area is related with traffic distribution and
SGSN processing ability

BSIC
NCC BCC
Base Station Identification Color Code
 NCC(PLMN Network Color Code): It comprises 3 bits.
 It allows various neighboring PLMNs to be distinguished.
 BCC(BTS Color Code): It comprises 3 bits.
 It allows distinctions between different radio frequency channels usi

ng the same frequency in neighboring cells.


GMM concept
 Routing area: subset of location area
 Mobility management entities: SGSN, HLR and MS
 GMM context
 MS identification/ MS location information (routing area ID,
cell ID)
 Current service SGSN address, VLR number (MS only)
 Encryption algorithm and authentication parameter
 GMM status
 GMM status
 Idle: GMM context is not established; MS is not reachable.
 Standby: GMM context is established; MS can receive
paging but cannot implement data transmission.
 Ready: MS can implement data transmission.

GMM status models
MM State Model of MS MM State Model of SGSN
IDLE IDLE
GPRS Detach
GPRS Attach GPRS Detach GPRS Attach or
Cancel Location
READY Implicit Detach READY

or
Cancel Location
READY timer expiry

READY timer expiry or
or PDU PDU
transmission Force to STANDBY reception
Force to STANDBY or
Abnormal RLC condition
STANDBY STANDBY

Major functions of GMM
 General functions
 GPRS attachment: MM context is established; MM status is changed to rea
dy.
 GPRS detachment: MM context is deleted; MM status is changed to idle.
− Originated by MS or network side.
 Security function: authentication, encryption, identification check, etc.
 Location management:
− routing area updating
− periodical routing area
− cell updating
 Specific functions at the network side
 GMM context clearing in cooperation with HLR
 Combined location updating and combined paging in cooperation with
MSC/VLR

Cooperation between GMM and MM
 Objectives
 To improve the effective usage of wireless resources

 To reduce the network signaling traffic
 Pre-condition
 SGSN and MSC/VLR support Gs interface
 Functions
 Combined IMSI/GPRS attachment

 Combined IMSI/GPRS detachment
 Combined routing area/location area updating (including periodical)

Summary
 GPRS System Structure
 GPRS Network Interfaces & Protocols
 GPRS Wireless Subsystem
 GPRS Numbering
 GPRS Mobility Management (GMM)

Thank You
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ISSUE 2.0 www.huawei.com

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 31025698 - M900/M1800 PCU Technical

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Chapter 2 GPRS Network Interfaces & Protocols

Chapter 3 GPRS Wireless Subsystem

Chapter 4 GPRS Numbering

Chapter 5 GPRS Mobility Management (GMM)

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57.6 kbps GPRS

9.6 kbps HSCSD

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 Abbreviation of General Packet Radio Service.

 GPRS is an end-to-end packet switching technology provided on the basis

 EDGE (Enhanced Data Rates for GSM Evolution)

 EGPRS (Enhanced GPRS)

 ECSD (Enhanced CSD, Enhanced HSCSD-High Speed Circuit Switched Data)

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 Gb interface processing function

 Data packet relay on wireless interface and Gb interface

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 Packet wireless resource management function

 Packet channel configuration

 G-Abis interface processing function

 G-Ais interface physical layer switching

 Pb interface switching function

 Similar to the relative functions of PCU

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 Packet wireless resource management function (RLC/

MAC protocol function)

 G-Abis interface processing function

 Function related with GPRS BTS

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 LAPD link between BSC and PCU

 Gb interface processing function

 Data packet relay on wireless interface and Gb interface

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BTS BSC GSN

BTS BSC GSN

BTS BSC GSN

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 Logic link management

 SGSN-MS logic link management

 SGSN-BSS data transmission route management

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 Route and tunnel transmission

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 Mobility management and session management

 Routing and transfer

 Storage and transfer

 Dynamic allocation of IP addresses

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 Real-time collection of GPRS bills

 Temporary storage and buffering of GPRS bills

 Pre-processing of GPRS bills