Engine Emission

and Control
Variation of Emissions with ϕ
 Bharat Stage (BS)
• Bharat stage emission standards (BS) are emission standards instituted
by the Government of India to regulate the output of air pollutants from
compression ignition engines and Spark-ignition engines equipment,
including motor vehicles.

• The standards and the timeline for implementation are set by the 
Central Pollution Control Board under the 
Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change.
• The standards, based on European regulations were first
introduced in 2000. Progressively stringent norms have been
rolled out since then.
• Bharat Stage IV emission norms have been in place since April
2010 and it has been enforced for entire country since April 2017.
• In 2016, the Indian government announced that the country would
skip the BS V norms altogether and adopt BS VI norms by 2020.
• In its recent judgment, the Supreme Court has banned the sale and
registration of motor vehicles conforming to the emission
standard Bharat Stage IV in the entire country from 1 April 2020.
 Emission norms for passenger cars ( Petrol)

Norms CO( g/km) HC+ NOx)(g/km)

1991Norms 14.3-27.1 2.0(Only HC)
1996 Norms 8.68-12.40 3.00-4.36
1998Norms 4.34-6.20 1.50-2.18
stage 2.72 0.97
2000 norms

Bharat stage-II 2.2 0.5

Bharat Stage-III 2.3 0.35(combined)
Bharat Stage-IV 1.0 0.18(combined)
 Emission Norms for 2/3 Wheelers ( Petrol)

Norms CO ( g/km) HC+ NOx (g/km)

1991 norms 12-30 8-12 (only HC)

1996 norms 4.5 3.6

stage 2.0 2.0

2000 norms

Bharat stage-II 1.6 1.5

Bharat Stage-III 1.0 1.0

 Emission norms for Heavy diesel vehicles:

Norms CO HC Nox PM
(g/kwhr) (g/kwhr) (g/kwhr) (g/kwhr)

1991 Norms 14 3.5 18 -

1996 Norms 11.2 2.4 14.4 -
stage 2000 Norms 4.5 1.1 8.0 0.36
Bharat stage-II 4.0 1.1 7.0 0.15
Bharat Stage-III 2.1 1.6 5.0 0.10
Bharat Stage-IV 1.5 0.96 3.5 0.02