POPULATION ANALYSIS

NAME : ANJALI KUMARI

CLASS : F.Y. BSc.
ROLL NO.: 4470
DIVISION : B
SUBJECT : HUMAN GEOGRAPHY
 INDEX
S.NO. TOPIC SLIDE NO.
01 Selection of district 3-4
02 Introduction 5
03 Population growth 6-13
04 Sex ratio 14-19
05 Literacy rate 20-24
06 Working population 25-29
07 Non-Working population 30-31
08 Conclusion 32-33
09 References 34
SELECTION OF DISTRICT
PATNA(BIHAR)
 INTRODUCTION
POPULATION:
A population is defined as a group of individuals of the same
species living and interbreeding within given area.

POPULATION CHARACTERISTICS :
Population characteristics covers multiple subjects it includes
the population growth, literacy, sex ratio, economic activities
etc.
 POPULATION GROWTH
Population growth is the increase in the number of
individuals in a population. Global human population growth
amounts to around 83 million annually, or 1.1% per year. The
global population has grown from 1 billion in 1800 to 7.9
billion in 2020.
Population growth is determined by the net recruitment
rate of individuals to the population. Population growth in a
given generation is a linear combination of its initial size,
birth, death, immigration, and emigration rates. All four
parameters are influenced by the ratio between the sexes in
the population.
1. INDIA
India is the second most populated country in the world with
nearly a fifth of the world's population. According to the 2019
revision of the World Population Prospects the population stood
at 1,352,642,280.

Between 1975 and 2010, the population doubled to1.2 billion,

reaching the billion mark in 1998. India is projected to surpass 
China to become the world's most populous country by 2024. It
is expected to become the first country to be home to more
than 1.5 billion people by 2030, and its population is set to
reach 1.7 billion by 2050.Its population growth rate is 1.13%,
down from 2.3% from 1972 to 1983, ranking 112th in the world
in 2017.
Population growth of India per decade
 2. BIHAR
Bihar is the third-largest state by population and 
twelfth-largest by territory. Bihar with a total population 128
million people is the most densely populated state among all
states forming Eastern India, with an area of
94,163 km2 (36,357 sq mi).

 At the 2011 Census, Bihar was the third most populous 

state of India with total population of 104,099,452, nearly
89% of it rural. It was also India's most densely populated
state, with 1,106 persons per square kilo metre.
Bihar Population (1901-2011)
 3. PATNA(DISTRICT)
In 2011, Patna had population of 5,838,465 of which male
and female were 3,078,512 and 2,759,953 respectively. In
2001 census, Patna had a population of 4,718,592 of which
males were 2,519,942 and remaining 2,198,650 were females.
Patna District population constituted 5.61 percent of total
Maharashtra population. In 2001 census, this figure for Patna
District was at 5.69 percent of Maharashtra population.

There was change of 23.73 percent in the population

compared to population as per 2001. In the previous census of
India 2001, Patna District recorded increase of 30.17 percent
to its population compared to 1991.
YEAR POPULATION GROWTH RATE GROWTH

2021 2,481,530 1.85% 45,083

2011 2,062,072 1.90% 38,403

2001 1,708,679 3.33% 55,048

1991 1,155,380 2.56% 28,800

1981 958,789 4.06% 37,404

1971 582,823 3.40% 19,176

1961 439,405 2.56% 10,978

1951 344,684 3.07% 10,252

Population growth rate of Patna
 SEX RATIO
Sex ratio is the demographic concept that measures the
proportion of males to females in a given population. It is
defined, as the number of females per thousand males, is an
important social indicator to measure the extent of prevailing
equality between males and females in a society at a given
point of time.
1. INDIA
 As per Census 2011, the Gender ratio of India is 943 females
per 1000 males. There are 949 females to 1000 men in rural
areas, while in an urban area, there are 929 females to 1000
males. Rural India has 21,813,264 more males, and urban
India has 13,872,275 more males than females
 In 2020, the sex ratio of the total population in India is
108.18 males per 100 females. There are 717,100,970 or
717.10 million males and 662,903,415 or 662.90 million
females in India. The percentage of the female population is
48.04 percent compared to 51.96 percent male population

YEAR SEX RATIO

1991 927
2001 933
2011 943
2. BIHAR
 The Sex Ratio in Bihar is 916 for each 1000 male. In the last
census of 2001, the sex ratio was 921 per 1000 males in Bihar.

 In 2011, male to female ratio for Bihar was 918 females per
1,000 males. Though Bihar male to female ratio fluctuated
substantially in recent years, it tended to decrease through
1921 - 2011 period ending at 918 females per 1,000 males in
2011.

YEAR SEX RATIO

1991 933
2001 919
2011 918
3. PATNA(DISTRICT)
With regards to Sex Ratio in Patna, it stood at 897 per 1000
male compared to 2001 census figure of 873. The average
national sex ratio in India is 940 as per latest reports of Census
2011 Directorate. In 2011 census, child sex ratio is 909 girls
per 1000 boys compared to figure of 923 girls per 1000 boys of
2001 census data.
 The average sex ratio in urban regions of Patna was 887
females per 1000 males. Also the Child (0-6 age) sex ration of
urban areas in Patna was 883 girls per 1000 boys. Thus the
total children (0-6 age) living in urban areas of Patna were
329,592 which is 13.11% of total urban population. Similarly
the average sex ratio in rural areas of Patna was 904 females
per 1000 males. The Child sex ratio of rural areas in Patna
was 923 girls per 1000 boys.
YEAR SEX RATIO
2011 897
2001 873

This graph is showing no. of males and females

 LITERACY RATE
Also called the "effective literacy rate"; the total percentage of
the population of an area at a particular time aged seven years
or above who can read and write with understanding.
Effective literacy rate = no. of literate person aged 7or above x 100
Population aged 7 and above

1. INDIA
At all India level, the adult (15+ years) literacy rate is 69.3%
and that among males is 78.8% and females is 59.3%. Rural –
Urban gap existed in Adult literacy rate for both females and
males.
Trend in Literacy Rates in Post Independent
India
2. BIHAR
Bihar has significantly raised the literacy rate as per the 2011
census. Literacy rate in year 1951 was only 13.45%, 21.98% in
year 1961, 22.86% in year 1971 and 31.86% in year 1981.The
literacy rate has risen from 36.68% in 1991 to 47% in 2001 to
61.35% in 2011.The Government of Bihar has launched several
programs to boost literacy, and its Department of Adult
Education on a UNESCO award in 1981.
Literacy Rate from 1951~2011
3.PATNA (DISTRICT)
Patna has highest Literacy Rate of 63.82% in Bihar followed by 
Rohtas (62.36%) and Munger (60.11%). Kishanganj has lowest
Literacy Rate of 31.02% followed by Araria (34.94%) and Katihar
 (35.29%). A recent survey by Pratham rated the receptivity of
Bihari children to their teaching as being better than those in
other states.
Average literacy rate of Patna in 2011 were 70.68 compared
to 62.92 of 2001. If things are looked out at gender wise, male
and female literacy were 78.48 and 61.96 respectively. For
2001 census, same figures stood at 73.34 and 50.83 in Patna
District.
 WORKING POPULATION
Working population may refer to the population employed in
a specified occupation or to the total population of a country
who are employed and looking for employment. The term on a
country level usually covers all people between 15 and 65 years
old.
1.INDIA
As per the Census 2001, the Indian workforce is over 400
million strong, which constitutes 39.1 % of the total population
of the country. The workers comprise 312 million main workers
and 88 million marginal workers. This would mean that 51.7
percent of the total males and 25.6 percent of the total females
are worker. Main workers constitute 77.8 percent of the
total workers. Remaining are marginal workers. Among the
main workers, female workers, are only 23.3 % and 76.7%
are male workers.
2. BIHAR
The number of workers across the eastern state of Bihar in
India during financial year 2018 was over 104 thousand
workers. This was an increase from the previous year.
CMIE says the employment rate in Bihar stood at 33.8%in
September 2020 compared to the national average of 38% .
3. PATNA(DISTRICT)
In Patna district out of total population, 1,881,886 were
engaged in work activities. 72.9% of workers describe their
work as Main Work (Employment or Earning more than 6
Months) while 27.1% were involved in Marginal activity providing
livelihood for less than 6 months. Of 1,881,886 workers engaged
in Main Work, 221,694 were cultivators (owner or co-owner)
while 399,689 were Agricultural labourer.
 NON –WORKING POPULATION
Generally non-working population means the persons who
depends on others for their basic necessities' like food , cloth ,
shelter etc. The non-working population included students,
housewives and retirees.
The working-age population is often defined as all persons
aged 15 and older, but this may vary from country to country
based on national laws and practices.

1.INDIA
Unemployment is a major social issue in India. As of
September 2018, according to the Indian government, India had
31 million jobless people.
2. BIHAR
The unemployment rate in Bihar dropped to 12 per cent,
but, even this is much higher than the all-India estimate of 6.7
per cent at the same time. The employment rate in Bihar was
33.8 per cent in September 2020, which means that only one
in three adult Biharis is employed.

3. PATNA(DISTRICT)
The survey by the National Sample Survey Organization
(NSSO) also showed the unemployment rate among 
women rose to 5.6% in 2009-10 from 4.3% in 2004-05 in
cities. The unemployment rate among males remained
stagnant at 3.4% in 2009-10 compared to 2004-05.
 CONCLUSION
For controlling population following step should be consider
family planning , one child policy, infant mortality rate,
contraception etc.
Strict policy measures are needed to counter the unregulated
expansion of the city, adversely affecting nearby agricultural
area that are causing land and environmental degradation.

 India's Sex Ratio had improved by number 10 from 933 in 2001

to 943 in 2011. In rural and urban India, the Sex ratio has
improved by numbers 3 and 29, respectively.

 By increasing female education ,better implementation of

PCPNDT law , social awareness etc. step should be consider
for improvement in sex ratio of India.
In India, only 36.8 percent of total population was
economically active in 1981 which has increased to 39.8
percent in 2011.The number of total workers in the country
has almost doubled in the 30 years period from 1981 to 2011.
For increasing in literacy rate , more importance should be
given to mother tongue , encouraging women to study ,
making study more practical than theoretical , using
technology in good way.
In Patna district we can see that there is improvement in
both literacy rate and working population from last decade.
 REFERENCES
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patna_district

https://www.census2011.co.in/census/district/82-patna.html

https://patna.nic.in/demography/

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Demographics_of_India

https://www.census2011.co.in/census/state/bihar.html

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Demographics_of_Bihar